競技運動與霸凌關係之文獻綜述

A Review of Literature on the Relationship between Competitive Sport and Bullying

霸凌一直是被重視的議題，霸凌行為更會對被霸凌者造成身心上的傷害，而運動文化脈絡下，在特定具有競爭性質的運動場域中，霸凌行為則會有被默許的現象。本研究以文獻分析法蒐集49篇實證研究之文章，試圖爬梳競技運動與霸凌關係，研究發現：(一)受到競技運動文化的影響，運動場上亦十分推崇英雄主義的男子氣概，並運用身體、能力、技術等優勢霸凌弱勢群體，以提升自我的話語權及團體地位；(二)霸凌行為依性質又可區分為侵略行為霸凌，以及身體能力的霸凌行為。運動團隊中也會出現能力較好的選手排擠能力較差的選手，進而透過關係、言語與行為形成霸凌的現象；(三)國內外研究皆發現受到霸凌者會拒學、學業表現降低、能力退步，甚至身心受創。

Bullying has always been an important issue, with its behaviors causing both physical and psychological harm to the victims. Within the context of sports culture, particularly in competitive sports, bullying behavior may manifest with acertain degree of tacit acceptance. This study employs aliterature analysis approach, examining 49 empirical articles, aiming to elucidate the relationship between competitive sports and bullying. The research findings reveal several key points. (a) Under the influence of sports culture, there is anotable emphasis on heroism, and masculine ideals in the sports arena. Utilizing advantages such as physical prowess, skills, and abilities, individuals may engage in bullying weaker groups, seeking to enhance their own discourse power and group status. (b) Bullying behavior can be divided into aggressive bullying and bullying based on physical abilities. Within sports teams, instances may arise where more skilled athletes ostracize those with lesser abilities, forming bullying dynamics through relationships, language, and actions. (c) Both domestic and international studies consistently indicate that individuals subjected to bullying may exhibit resistance to learning, experience adecline in academic performance, and skill levels, and, in severe cases, endure both physical and psychological trauma.