規範多元文化主義對澳門菲律賓移民文化認同和生活滿意度影響之初探

The Influence of Normative Multiculturalism on the Cultural Identity and Life Satisfaction of Filipino Immigrants in Macau

本研究基於規範多元文化主義理論，旨在探討規範多元文化主義對澳門菲律賓移民的文化認同、生活滿意度的影響作用。具體來說，本研究在Ward等人的研究基礎上，檢驗了規範多元文化主義—文化認同—生活滿意度的路徑模型，假設規範多元文化主義的三個向度都可以直接或間接透過菲律賓文化認同、澳門文化認同影響菲律賓移民的生活滿意度。本研究共調查了233名澳門菲律賓成年移民樣本（女性占58.8%），年齡M = 28.24、SD = 11.10，居澳時長（年）M = 13.08、SD = 5.99。基於路徑模型結果，多元文化政策和實踐對生活滿意度產生直接正向影響，並透過菲律賓文化認同間接正向影響生活滿意度；多元文化意識形態僅透過菲律賓文化認同對生活滿意度起間接正向作用；多元文化接觸僅與澳門文化認同有直接正向關係。本研究認為，規範多元文化主義各向度對移民文化心理結果有著不同的影響，並且族裔文化認同在上述關係間有著中介作用。最後，本研究就未來研究方向和啟示建議進行了探討。

This study examined the influence of normative multiculturalism on the cultural identity and life satisfaction of Filipino immigrants in Macau. According to Ward and her colleagues, the three dimensions of normative multiculturalism, namely multicultural ideology (MI), multicultural policies and practices (MPP) and multicultural contact (MC), directly and indirectly affect immigrants’subjective well-being. This study tested a normative multiculturalism–cultural identity–life satisfaction model. The participants were 233 Macau Filipino adult immigrants (58.8% female; mean age = 28.24 [SD = 11.10]; mean length of residence = 13.08 [SD = 5.99]). The path analysis model showed that MPP had a direct positive effect on life satisfaction and an indirect effect on life satisfaction via Filipino identity and that MI had an indirect positive effect on life satisfaction via Filipino identity only. MC was positively related only to Macau identity. The results suggest that the dimensions of normative multiculturalism have different effects on immigrants’cultural–psychological outcomes and that ethnocultural identity plays a mediating role in the associations between the three dimensions of normative multiculturalism and life satisfaction. The paper discusses the implications of these findings and suggests future research directions.