棒球跑壘路徑之研究

The research of base-running routes in baseball

本研究旨在探討棒球不同出發位置跑壘，試圖瞭解最佳跑壘路徑之選擇，以作為跑壘指導策略應用與訓練模擬之參考。以花蓮縣優秀青少棒選手計69名為研究對象，以一部高速攝影機、腳架、碼錶二個為研究工具，進行不同出發位置跑壘檢測。結果發現不同出發位置（C點、D點、E點）跑至2壘之跑壘時間達顯著差異，自C點、E點出發比D點出發較快抵達2壘。三種不同出發位置（C點、D點、E點）於2壘至3壘之跑壘時間達顯著差異，自D點、E點出發比C點出發較快抵達3壘。從1壘經2壘跑至3壘（推進2個壘）。離壘線較遠之出發點（D、E），到達3壘的時間則較快，達顯著差異。結論：於棒球比賽過程中，如僅從1壘跑至2壘或2壘跑至3壘（推進1個壘），其跑壘路徑，則必須選擇較靠近壘線之出發點。當二人出局1壘有跑者或位於2壘的跑者，教練指示打跑戰術時，打擊者擊出中外野、右外野長遠球或二出局前確定是外野安打時等情境之下，應選擇正確且適當的出發點位置，教練應積極強化選手跑壘的意識與觀念，進而選擇適當的跑壘路徑，此乃現代棒球進壘必須考量的重要課題。

The purpose of study aims to figure out the best option from different starting positions as the reference as base-running strategic application and training simulation. There are 69 selected elite male juvenile baseball players that are recruited from Hualien County, Taiwan. Experimental tools are a high speed camera, a tripod, and 2 stopwatches. Results show that Base-running time expenditure from different starting position (C、D and E point) to second base are significant difference。Starting from C point and E point are faster arriving second base than from D point。Base-running time expenditure from different starting position (C、D and E point) to third base through second base are significant difference。Starting from D point and E point are faster arriving third base than from C point。Due to different starting position leads the changing of direction and running route, When base-running from first base through second base to third base (two bases in advance), time expenditure form C point that is closer to baseline to third base is significant slower than form D point and E point. The conclusion indicates that in real baseball game, when the runner’s goal is one base in advance, strait running route (parallel to baseline) is a better option for reach base safely. However, in the situation of 2 outs, the runner in the first or second base, who has received tactical order of hit and run, when the hitter has batted a long hit to deep center or right outfield, selecting a suitable staring running position is crucial to game final result. Therefore, coaches have to enhance base-running concepts of batters positively. According to field situation and environmental factors, selecting a suitable running position is one of the most crucial tasks of base-running in modern baseball.