我國氣候變遷素養架構發展與基線資料調查

Development of the Climate Change Literacy Framework and Baseline Survey in Taiwan

氣候變遷是人類社會面臨的最關鍵挑戰之一，且已成為緊急而事關重大的議題，亟需國際社會中所有人共同面對解決。氣候變遷改變了都市規劃與人類生存的基礎條件，與因應氣候變遷的減緩與調適等策略皆造成經濟、社會、環境等全面衝擊，關乎人類的永續發展。各國擬定氣候變遷政策時，民眾對氣候變遷的瞭解和對氣候行動的支持將是施行氣候相關對策的關鍵，規劃時若能瞭解民眾的氣候變遷素養，更能夠衡量政策的可行性與衍生的各面向衝擊，也利於設定合適的教育與傳播方針，以增進公民對氣候變遷的瞭解與對於相應行動的支持。本研究在此原則下，發展一共通氣候變遷素養架構，提供未來長期調查比較的基礎。該架構包括知識、情意與行為三大主構面，並納入政策需求，結合永續發展的跨領域框架與視角，並考量時事變化，使調查內容能夠與時俱進。本研究以該素養架構為基礎設計問卷，並歷經多次相關領域專家會議討論與修訂後，於2020年12月對全國年滿20歲以上之民眾進行電話訪問調查，共取得1,106份有效樣本，據此建立氣候變遷素養的基線資料，並且運用獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、路徑分析等方法探討整體樣本的統計特性與實務意義。
調查結果顯示，臺灣民眾對氣候變遷政策面和情意面的關注採支持態度，但對氣候變遷相關知識的瞭解則尚有待加強，且氣候相關公民行動的參與度偏低，整體呈現「知識尚可、態度積極、行為偏冷」的概況。氣候變遷素養與性別無關，但受到年齡層、教育程度等人口學變項的影響，教育程度較高的民眾氣候變遷素養較佳，顯示教育對提升氣候變遷素養的重要性。基線調查中也反映民眾對氣候變遷議題的跨域性與影響的瞭解有限，尤其是對氣候變遷與社會和經濟關聯性的認知。針對問卷構面進行路徑分析，發現情意對行為的影響效果最大，顯示情意態度的培養更可能使民眾願意付諸行動。另一方面，雖然情意面向整體對雖行為有正面影響，較近的心理距離卻與行為表現呈負向相關，顯示其他心理因素綜合影響行為決策的可能。整體而言，基線調查的資料顯示出氣候變遷素養調查對氣候變遷相關政策制定的價值，而本研究透過統一的氣候變遷素養架構及內涵定義使調查問題兼具一致性及與時俱進的特性，將可作為長期調查的基礎。

Climate change is one of the most crucial challenges that human beings are facing. It has become an urgent and vital issue that each individual needs to address in the international communities. Climate change has changed the base on which urban planning and the human lives rely. This and the corresponding mitigation and adaptation measures are bringing about economic, social, and environmental impacts in multiple aspects, connecting to human’s sustainable development. The extent to which citizens know about climate change and support climate actions is vital to climate policy design and implementation of a government. Climate change literacy assessment may offer the background information for examining feasibility of the policies and corresponding impacts, as well as setting strategic directions on education and communication to promote the understanding of and support for the policies. In response to the need, this study developed a general climate change literacy framework for providing the baseline making longterm surveys consistent and comparable. The framework comprises knowledge, affection, and behavior constructs, featuring the consideration of policy needs, incorporation of viewpoints of sustainable development and its interdisciplinary characteristics, and emphasis on keeping up with the time. We designed a questionnaire based on the framework, with the help of several adhoc meetings for discussions and revisions, to survey citizens over 20 years old in Taiwan in December, 2020. A total of 1,106 effective samples were collected as the baseline database of the climate change literacy of the citizens in Taiwan. The methodologies of independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and path analysis were then employed to explore the statistical characteristics of the samples and the corresponding meanings in practice. The result suggests that citizens in Taiwan have a supportive attitude toward climate change and related policies, yet inadequate knowledge about them, and low participation intention toward climate related civil actions. In general, we can find a pattern as“fair knowledge, positive attitude, and inactive participation”to note the situation. The climate change literacy is irrelevant to gender, but affected by demographic variables such as age and education. Higher education is significantly associated with higher performance in all constructs of climate change literacy, highlighting the importance of education in improving climate change literacy. The baseline survey also shows the insufficient perception of the interdisciplinary nature of climate change issue, specifically the association with society and economy. In analyzing factors affecting behavior, path analysis shows that behavior correlates most with affection construct, implying the improvement in affection toward climate change may intensify intention to climate action. In contrast to the overall positive correlation of affection on behavior construct, shorter psychological distances unexpectedly have negative correlation with behavior. This implies that other psychological factors may be involved in the processes that underlie individual decision-making. Overall, the insights into climate change policy provided by the baseline survey show the value of climate change literacy survey. With the structure unchanged and the definition explained, the survey questions developed upon the climate change literacy framework would be consistent but not constant. In this way, the climate change literacy framework could serve as the base of long-term survey in Taiwan.