從移動性到可及性：偏鄉需求反應式服務場所的概念建構

From Mobility to Accessibility: Constructing the Concept of Demand Responsive Service Place in Remote Areas

隨著都市化的快速進展，使得偏鄉地區人口數逐年下降，連帶地也迫使該些地區的公車路線、零售商店、日常服務設施無法持續經營而選擇撤出。在此情況下，偏鄉地區不僅變成公共運輸服務空白地區，也成為生活品質日益低落的食物沙漠，讓居民變成交通弱者、購物弱者。偏鄉地區居民所面臨的生活環境問題其實相當複雜且多元交絡，若僅就單一面向提出對策，只是治標而不治本。因此，有必要重新思考如何從跨域整合的角度來提出更具有彈性、韌性的作法，期能產生更廣泛的綜效，以朝向解決本質問題而努力。本研究認為，在科技日漸發達的情況下，應將「交通」、「流通（物流配送）」、「資通訊」等概念同時納入考量，嘗試提出「都市─偏鄉協力合作」的適當策略，以改善偏鄉居民在交通、產業、生活環境等面向遭遇的問題，此乃當前促使地方創生概念逐漸在偏鄉落實的關鍵行動。是故，本研究在回顧、彙整國內外理論、相關案例之特點，並考慮臺灣偏鄉地區環境和居民生活習性後，從資源跨域整合的立場來提出具有「公私協力的活用」、「多機能化•共同化」、「需求反應」、「資通訊科技導入」等特徵的偏鄉「需求反應式服務場所」概念構想，以作為改善偏鄉生活環境的參考依據。儘管此概念在規劃實務上可能仍有思慮不周之處，但新思維的出現亦不啻為刺激眾規劃者開始思考的濫觴。

The speeding urbanization has resulted in a decline in the population of remote areas year by year, which has caused bus routes, retail stores, and daily service facilities in these areas to be unable to sustain operation and thus choose to retreat from remote areas. Under the circumstances, remote areas have become the areas without public transportation services and even food deserts with low life quality, making residents in remote areas become the transportation and consumer disadvantaged. Living environment problems that the residents in remote areas face are both complex and confounding, so if we propose the countermeasures only based on a single aspect, it will only cure the symptoms, not the root of the disease. Therefore, it is necessary to rethink how to put forward a more flexible and resilient approach from interdisciplinary integration to generate broader synergies and strive toward solving fundamental problems. This study believes that concepts such as“transportation,”“circulation (logistics and distribution),”and“information and communication”should be taken into consideration simultaneously to propose appropriate strategies for“city-remote area cooperation”in the context of increasingly advanced technology. Thus, we can solve the problems encountered by the residents in remote areas regarding transportation, industry, and living environment by the abovementioned strategies. It is a crucial action to promote the gradual implementation of the placemaking concept in the remote areas. Therefore, we have first reviewed and synthesized the features of domestic and foreign theories and related cases in consideration of the environment and living habits of residents in the remote areas of Taiwan. Then, we attempt to propose the crucial concept of“Demand Responsive Service Place”with the features of“public-private cooperation,”“multi-functionalization and commonality,”“demand response,”and“information and communication technology introduction”from the standpoint of cross-resources integration for improving the living environment in the remote areas. Although this concept may still be ill-conceived in planning practice, the new idea can restart the planners’new thinking.