基於履約績效的雙參數決標模式在道路工程最低標採購的運用

Application of Performance-Based Bi-Parametric Procurement Model in Lowest Tender Procurement for Road Construction Works

最低標承包方法通常用於公共建設工程之採購決標方式，包括公路、道路建設專案。然而，這種方法通常會導致成本超支、延誤和爭議。過去學者已經提出例如最有利標及總合標價等方法來改進這些問題，然而最有利標方法取決於採購評選委員會的意見，可能有採購時程冗長和主觀決策之問題；總合標價方法則僅考慮時間價值，而忽略施工廠商其他成效因素。為解決上述現有方法之缺點，本文提出了一種考慮標價成本和綜合效能成本之雙參數總合標價(簡稱A + Q)創新發包方法。在A + Q方法中，綜合履約績效價值之計算，是以承包商的歷史履約績效得分及效能價格彈性作為依據，具有客觀之基準。本文以營建署所發包之道路工程案件為例，將過去績效(品質)含於決標模式中，優化與改善最低標決標模式，用以確保道路施工之品質同時兼具物美價廉之目標，並以案例展示所提出之A + Q方法相對於傳統的最低標方法的可行性和優勢。本研究得出結論，A + Q模式既保留了最低價決標方法決標過程簡單、快捷的優點，又具有最有利標方法對於業主所期望提升履約成效之優點。A + Q模式通過將承包商過去的履約表現納入決標因素，可以敦促承包商產生內在動力提高其標案的履約品質與進度等績效。

The Lowest Tender (LT) procurement method is widely used in public construction procurement, including highway and road projects. However, this method often leads to cost overruns, delays, and disputes. Previous researchers have proposed innovative methods such as the Most Advantageous Tender (MAT, or BV) and Total Combined Bid (TCB, such as‘A+B’) to address these issues. However, the BV method relies on the subjective opinions of the Procurement Evaluation Committee (PEC), resulting in a lengthy procurement process and subjective decision-making. The A+B method only considers the value of time and ignores other performance factors of construction firms. To address these drawbacks, this study proposes an innovative‘A+Q’procurement method that considers both bid cost and comprehensive performance cost as dual parameters. The A+Q method calculates the comprehensive performance value based on the contractor’s historical performance scores, converted into cost elasticity of performance, providing an objective index for estimating performance cost. The road projects issued by the Construction and Planning Agency serve as an example, showcasing how incorporating past performance (quality) into the bidding process can ensure superior road construction quality without compromising cost-effectiveness. Through a case study, the feasibility and benefits of the proposed A+Q method are highlighted compared to the traditional LT approach. The study concludes that the proposed A+Q model not only retains the advantages of simplicity and speed from the lowest bid method but also offers the advantages of the MAT method in terms of improving performance as expected by the owner. By considering the contractor’s historical performance, the A+Q model encourages them to enhance project quality and other performance factors.