帝國、氣候與疾病的疆域：論《中國疾病：包括臺灣與朝鮮》地圖

Empire, Climate and the Territory of Disease: On the Map of“The Diseases of China: Including Formo sa and Korea”

1910年由中國博醫會成員所編纂的《中國疾病：包括臺灣與朝鮮》一書，蒐羅、回顧和總結西醫在華四十年研究成果。這在晚清政局動盪，《海關醫報》停刊之際，具有一種劃時代的意義存在。歷來中外學者研究博醫會的論著很多，或綜論性地介紹該會在中國的醫療傳教工作，或個別討論會中幾位重要的成員，或細究博醫會在科學名詞解釋、翻譯書籍及出版事業上的貢獻，或探討它與之後的中華醫學會及伍連德的關係。其中有少部分注意到博醫會在研究中國疾病地理上的貢獻。《中國疾病》不是第一部討論這個專題的著作，卻是第一部收錄全中國疾病地圖的專書。在醫學地理學和疾病製圖學的基礎上，作者依照氣候經緯將中國劃分成七大疾病地理區，並繪製了十一張疾病地圖。本文將討論這些地圖與氣候的關聯，分析圖中所建構的空間流行病學知識，並闡明作者在蒐集資料與製圖時遇到的挑戰。

The book“The Diseases of China: Including Formosa and Korea,”compiled by members of the Chinese Medical Association (CMA) in 1910, collected, reviewed and summarized the forty years of research on Western medicine in China. The publication of the book had epoch-making significance when Medical Reports（1871~1910）ceased publication in the late Qing Dynasty. There have been many studies about the CMA written by Chinese and foreign scholars. Some provided a comprehensive introduction to the medical missionary work of the CMA, others discussed the important members of the CMA (including Wu Lien Teh), and still others researched the CMA’s contribution to explanation of scientific terms, translation and publication of Western books. A few noticed the CMA investigating the geography of diseases in China.“The Diseases of China”is not the first book to discuss this topic, but it is the first book to include various disease maps of China. On the basis of medical geography and disease cartography, the authors divided China into seven nosogeographical regions and drew eleven disease maps according to climatic conditions, latitude and longitude. This article discusses the relationship between these maps and climate, analyzes the spatial epidemiological knowledge constructed in the maps, and illustrates the challenges encountered by the authors in collecting data and mapping.