探討新生兒加護病房早產兒父母之親職經驗與需求

Parenting Experiences and Needs of Parents of Preterm Infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Units

育有早產兒之父母親，因需面對早產的發生、早產兒之疾病狀況、早產兒一出生即長時間住院於加護病房，使其親職發展經驗與需求不同於健康足月兒之父母。隨著新生兒科學之進步、婦女運動、消費者意識與家庭支持概念的興起與發展，早產兒照護已由醫療科技主導轉向父母與專業之合作關係，故瞭解與分析早產兒父母的親職經驗與需求乃是中重症新生兒連續性照護之重要環節。然而，過去探討住院早產兒之研究，多以母親為主題，少在此情境脈絡下探討父親的親職經驗與需求，臺灣文獻更是鮮少經由不同性別角度探討早產兒父母之親職經驗與需求差異。本文透過耙梳2022年以前之國內外相關文本與研究，探討住院早產兒父母親職角色建立、壓力親職經驗、與住院早產兒父母之親職發展與需求，並分析加護病房中之早產兒父母親其親職經驗與需求之異同。藉由相關研究議題的整理拋磚引玉，呼籲專業人員重視家庭親職之整體性以豐富早產兒出院準備與返家照護之知識建構與建議。

Parents of preterm infants have distinct needs and experiences compared with parents of healthy term infants regarding preterm labor, illnesses of preterm infants, and extended stays in neonatal intensive care units. Owing to the expansion of neonatal medicine and movements that support women and families, the authority of care has shifted from the biomedical domain to working partnerships between medical practitioners and the families of infants. Investigating and assessing the parenting experiences of parents of preterm infants are essential tasks. Few studies have researched the role of infant’s father plays in this context. This literature review explored how the couples parenting and the stressful parenting experience, and parenting needs of them when their infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit from 1990 up to 2022. This review also explored gender differences in the needs of fathers versus those of mothers and how healthcare professionals can provide holistic family-centered care and improve the discharge readiness of preterm infants.