梁漱溟的佛學修養及其階段特徵──以《梁漱溟日記》為中心的考察

Liang Shuming’s Buddhist Cultivation and Its Stage Characteristics——An Examination Centered on Liang Shuming’s Diary

梁漱溟一生傾心佛法，無論是佛學研究還是佛學修養都可說造詣精深。通過梳理《梁漱溟日記》中的「日課修養」記錄，可發現其佛學修養分三個階段且特徵明顯。青年時期（1912-1921），以閉門學佛為特徵，從苦樂問題的研索中得出人生是苦，遂歸心佛法；為此閉門不出，苦讀思索佛典有年，由此患有嚴重的失眠症。中年時期（1947-1956），以閉關習靜為特徵，尋求失眠、習氣問題的解決之道，為此四處訪道參學，數次閉關靜坐，先後修習過密宗、禪宗、唯識宗等。老年時期（1966-1981），以念佛誦經為特徵，致力於大乘菩薩道的修持實踐。總的來說，梁漱溟一生的佛學修養，經歷了從小乘佛教到大乘佛教的轉向，努力於會通儒佛二家思想，既體現了他「不捨眾生」的終極關懷，也反映了他「亦儒亦佛」的生命軌跡。

Liang Shuming has devoted himself to Buddhism throughout his life, and could be said that has made profound attainments in both Buddhist research and Buddhist cultivation. By combing through the records of“daily practice”in Liang Shuming's Diary, we can find that his Buddhist practice can be divided into three distinct periods. During his youth (1912-1921), he studied Buddhism behind closed doors. He concluded that life is suffering from the study of pain and happiness, and then returned to Buddhism; For this reason, he studied Buddhist scriptures for years behind closed doors and suffered from severe insomnia as a consequent. During his middle age (1947- 1956), he sought a solution to the problem of insomnia by practicing meditation in seclusion. For this reason, he visited various places and studied in several meditation retreats, and successively studied Tantric Buddhism, Zen Buddhism, and Consciousness-only School. During his old age (1966- 1981), he was characterized by chanting and reciting sutras and devoted to the practice of the Mahayana Bodhisattva. Overall, Liang's lifelong Buddhist practice reflects both his life trajectory of both Confucianism and Buddhism, and his ultimate concern for not giving up on all beings.