國中生數學符號運算素養的創造思考表現

Middle School Students’Performance in Creative Thinking of the Literacy-oriented Mathematical Symbolic Operations

本研究從二維面向探測一般國中生在解決國中層級文字符號運算的素養導向題目時創造思考的表現，其中一維乃數學過程，含形成、應用、詮釋三個過程，另一維乃創造思考，含流暢性、變通性、獨創性三個指標。研究樣本採立意抽樣，由台灣4所學校32個班級8年級學生中隨機抽取共210位學生參與研究。研究採問卷調查法，以與實際生活相關的情境設計開放性問題，題目設計以激發學生創造思考力為標的，每個題目都可以有無限多個可能的適當答案。研究結果發現，在形成、應用、詮釋這三個數學過程中，學生在各創造思考指標表現皆依流暢性、變通性、獨創性的順序下降。針對流暢性思考，學生在各數學過程表現差異不大；針對變通性思考，學生在詮釋階段表現最佳，針對獨創性思考，學生在形成階段表現最佳。本研究另發現當學生被鼓勵提出具有高差異度和獨特性的答案時，許多學生展現出色的結合元素產生新產品的創造思考力，提供了遠超出預期的創新答案。

This study developed a two-dimensional framework to examine the performance of creative thinking of general middle school students in solving literacy-oriented problems of symbol operations with unknown variables. The first dimension is the mathematics process, including formulate, employ, and interpret. The second dimension contains three indicators of creative thinking: fluency, flexibility, and originality. This study adopts purposive sampling, and a total of 210 students from 8th grade students in 32 classes from 4 schools in Taiwan were randomly selected to participate in the study. This study uses a questionnaire survey method. Open-ended questions are designed based on real-life situations. The questions are designed to stimulate students' creative thinking, and each question can have infinite possible appropriate answers. The results showed that in the process of formulate, employ, and interpret, the performance of students in each process decreased in the order of fluency, flexibility, and originality. For fluency, there was little difference in students' performance across mathematics processes. For flexibility, students performed best in the interpret process. For originality, students performed best in the formulate process. The study also found that when students were encouraged to come up with highly differentiated and unique answers, many students demonstrated excellent creative thinking skills in combining elements to produce new products, providing novel answers that far exceeded expectations. innovative answers that far exceeded expectations.