政策移轉下的大專院校運動組織變革：日本大學體育協會之研究

The organizational reform of college sports under policy transfer: The study of the Japan Association for University Athletics and Sport

臺日兩國競技運動發展中「大學」階段皆具有重要的地位，同時也同樣面臨轉型與改革的壓力。對此日本以強化大學與社區的連結關係同時創造大學運動市場的經濟價值並回饋給各大學以減輕財政負擔為目的師法美國NCAA正式成立日本大學體育協會(Japan Association for University Athletics and Sport, UNIVAS)。本研究嘗試以政策移轉理論(policy transfer)探析其啟動成因、移轉過程問題以及移轉程度。本研究使用內容分析法(content analysis)進行相關資料之分析，資料來源多以日本國立情報學研究所綜合期刊索引(National Institute of Informatics)、日本學術機構典藏資料庫整合平台(Institutional Repositories DataBase)、科學研究費助成事業(Japan Society for the Promotion of Science)及其它相關報導為主。研究結果發現政策移轉成因可歸納為「主動移轉」；移轉內容偏向「政策」層級；整體移轉程度屬於「組合」。UNIVAS成立後雖達成部份預訂目標且日本運動市場規模預計將可成長至10.9兆日元，但UNIVAS與大學教育理念的本質衝突、過度依賴政府與贊助商以及大學傳統賽事的存續價值等問題亦同樣浮現其後續效應值得臺灣持續觀察。

In recent years, both Taiwan and Japan have faced the same pressure of reform and transformation in the development of athletics at the ''university'' level. In this regard, in order to strengthen the connection between universities and the community, Japan will create economic value of the university sports market and give back to the universities to reduce the financial burden. The NCAA officially established the Japan Association for University Athletics and Sport (UNIVAS). This study attempts to use policy transfer to explore the causes of initiation, contents of transfer, process issues and transfer effects. In this study, content analysis was used to analyze relevant data from the National Institute of Informatics, Institutional Repository DataBase, and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. The results found that the causes of policy transfer can be categorised as ''voluntary'', the content of transfer belongs to ''policy'', and the overall degree of transfer belongs to ''mixtures''. After the establishment of UNIVAS, it has achieved some of its booking goals and the Japanese sports market is expected to grow to 10.9 trillion yen, but there have been concerns about UNIVAS' conflict with university education, the overdependence on the government and sponsors, and the importance of traditional university events. UNIVAS is the first organization in Asia to apply NCAA as a model and carry out practical changes, and its fellow-up effects are worthy of continuous observation in Taiwan.