禮物：朝鮮與盛清文人的畫像墨緣及相涉問題

Presents: Portrait Connections between Chosŏn Korean and High-Qing Chinese Intellectuals and the Related Issues

金正喜24歲隨父金魯敬出使入燕，透過向乾嘉學者問學請益，持續一生對清代學壇動向的密切掌握，因嗜書畫而親炙翁方綱，得以賞鑑石墨書樓的豐富收藏。自藤塚鄰博士以降，學者專家對於金正喜的研究已積累紮實豐碩的成果。立基於此，筆者以盛清與朝鮮為背景，著眼於翁金畫像墨緣，由秋史的〈東坡笠屐圖〉因緣切入本論題，以「禮物」為視角，展開諸面向的探討：誼贈、賀壽及雅集等秋史授受畫像的翰墨因緣；秋史燕京交遊建立的畫像視野；明清與朝鮮畫像文化彼此對應的絲縷關係；朝鮮後期畫像文化的新變。「畫像文本」為共同締造近世東亞漢文化圈的指標性元素，本文以明清畫像文化為參照，衡諸朝鮮的演變脈絡，把握金正喜與燕京文友畫像交誼的具體線索，抉發朝鮮、明清文士個人意識與審美品味的實質內容、異同趨向與影響鏈結，觸探朝鮮中後期畫像文化的概貌與轉變趨勢，尋繹明清視野與朝鮮畫像文化之間的絲縷對應關係。由此看來，金正喜於燕京文人圈見證多種畫像的珍貴「禮物」，其文化效應不僅止於異域跨國墨緣一端而已，亦堪作韓中甚至是東亞漢文化圈交流影響的一個有利視角。

Chosŏn Korean intellectual Kim Chŏng-hŭi visited Yanjing (Beijing's ancient name) with his father on a diplomatic mission at the age of 24. Through discussions with scholars of the Qianlong–Jiaqing Scholarship, Kim began his lifelong research on, and involvement with, the academic trends of the Qing dynasty of China. Kim visited Weng Fang-gang because of his interest in calligraphy and Chinese painting, gaining an appreciation of Weng's rich collection. This study focuses on the connection between Weng and Kim that stemmed from the gifts of portraits, investigating the anecdotes and related issues of Kim and his friendship with intellectuals in Yanjing from the perspective of receiving presents. Portrait-based texts have been an indicative element of the East Asian Sinosphere in the last few centuries. On the basis of long-term research on the portrait culture in the Ming and Qing dynasties of China, the author of this study examines the evolution of Chosŏn's art and literature perspectives. Portrait giving as presents between intellectuals is adopted as a concrete clue, regarding which the similarities and differences between the ideas and aesthetic tastes of intellectuals in the two countries are explored, an overview of the history of portraits in the middle and late periods of Chosŏn and the major transformations are presented, and the correspondences between the portrait culture of the two countries are identified. Kim witnessed numerous portraits used as presents in the intellectual circle of Yanjing. Therefore, these presents not only facilitated forming transnational connections between intellectuals, but also served as an excellent perspective for contemporary scholars to investigate the cultural effect of the interactions and mutual influences occurring in the East Asian Sinosphere.