明清文學與學問在朝鮮的接受

The Acceptance of the Literature and Study of Ming and Qing Dynasties: the Case in the Joseon Dynasty

朝鮮時代之文人與僧侶，以漢文創作詩文，論述學術思想。而朝鮮後期的學者，也多以漢文記錄文學的想像與其思想。然而發展的過程中，學術的重心也有所轉變。朝鮮知識分子由重視禮教秩序，轉而走向尊重人的個性，積極在文學與著述中呈現新的現實認識。在此過程中，因對明清的文學與著述有所參考與接受，思想與文體的變遷是顯著的。本文即針對明清文學及學術對朝鮮後期文學與學問的影響，進行概括性的論述。本文成果可概述如下：其一，朝鮮朝廷與知識分子起初否定明代學術，亦未積極覆刊明代文集。至朝鮮後期，知識分子始接受前後七子的復古主義文學，刻劃自我獨特的文學世界。其二，朝鮮經學初以關照「義理」的方法為主，到了朝鮮後期，在經典解釋上，逐漸應用文字學知識進行訓詁作業。其三，朝鮮文臣則認為修身學與字學應當結合，故有重視小學的趨勢。

Scholars and monks of the Joseon Dynasty are used to write articles and poems in traditional Chinese characters and grammar, and elaborate their imagination and thought by the same kind of way. However, with the development of the academic, the importance part has been keeping changing. The intellectuals of the Joseon Dynasty valued Confucian code of ethical behavior the most at first, but gradually turned to respect individual differences of human being. Therefore, the awareness to the real lives was shown constructively by the scholars with their works or books.