婦學與詩才：明代女教書中的詩歌著錄及評述

Women study and their poetic talents–Poetry extracts and comments of the women textbooks in Ming dynasty

明代女教書多從經史典籍中纂輯歷代婦女懿行德範，塑造理想的婦女形象，從而推動婦學。本論文由女性詩學的角度，考察明代女教書與女性詩歌創作的關係，發現當世婦學並未鼓勵女性從事詩歌創作，不允許詩才的誇耀，但若婦德母儀有成，兼有詩才詩作，則可以成為才德兩全的典範。明代女教書著錄女性詩歌，以紀傳體女教書為主，所錄多為女詩人生命歷程中涉及生死存亡、家庭危難、婚姻經營等詩篇。能詩女性以詩歌發聲，有其獨立書寫的自主性，但向公眾揭示詩作，多屬不得已或被動的顯露。讀者誦讀女教書，主要是知曉婦道，在言行上實踐，但對於能詩的女性讀者，則帶來創作意識的啟發、才與德的思辨，也牽涉詩作焚棄與流傳的選擇，這些都是女性詩學不可忽視的一頁。

In Ming dynasty, the women textbooks have been adopted to collect the virtues and moral models through history books to shape the ideal female images and to promote the women study. By women's poetic insights, this paper inspects the relationship between the women textbooks and women poetry writing in Ming dynasty. It's found that women poetry writing was not encouraged at then, also not allow their poems to be boasted. But if she-who has been a motherly model and has the poetic talents with works, then she can be a noble model of both women virtue and poetic talent. To extract the female poetry in Ming dynasty are mainly biographical women textbooks. Most of their poems related to survival, life sufferings, marriage managements, etc. The poetic women have their autonomy of independent writing and tell their own aspirations through poetry. But most of them are forced or passive to appear their poems in public. The readers study the textbooks writings are mainly to know the female virtues and duties, and carry out in daily life. But for some female talent readers, these bring them creative inspirations, the thinking of talent or virtue, and the selections of poetic works to be burned or spread. All these are one page of the female poetry which should not be neglected.