「野史」與「演義」的關以：以「三言」、「三拍」為考察中心

The Relationship Between“Unofficial History”(野史)and“Yanyi”(演義)–Focusing on San-Yan(三言)and Er Pai(二拍)

在中國古代小說發展史上，隨著小說觀念的變化和書寫形式的發展，「小說」的文體形態呈現多元話語表現。然而在短篇「通俗小說」的文體意識、寫作成規及其話語體製的研究方面，由於長久以來欠缺明確的理論指導，事實上在有關「話本體」小說研究部分仍有諸多未盡之處。本文寫作的主要目標，乃試圖針對中國古代小說觀念的演情形進行本質性的考察，以此作為釐清文言稗官小說和白話通俗小說的聯繫關係的依據，並進而深入了解「通俗演義」的文化身分及其編創意識。本文以「三言」、「二拍」為考察中心，主要從三個層面展開論述：一、針對中國古代小說觀念的演變軌跡進行扼要梳理，藉以釐清「通俗演義」的書寫性質；二、立足於「野史」視域之上，對於通俗演義的編創意識和話語屬性展開新的考察和分析；三、從史官「紀傳」書寫傳統的角度，確認以「三言」、「二拍」為範式的短篇通俗演義之作的文體特徵。通過以上分析，期能釐清宋代以降通俗小說觀念的發展情形，同時對於傳統學界在「話本體」小說研究不足之處進行必要的修正和補充，並作為日後繼續探討中國古代通俗小說的理論根據。

Throughout the history of ancient Chinese novel development, the writing style presents an increasingly pluralistic pattern as novel concepts and written forms evolve. Because no definitive theories exist for the stylistic awareness of short popular novels, writing conventions, and writing language, research on vernacular novels warrants improvement. The purpose of this study was to examine how the characteristics of ancient Chinese novels evolved over time, to clarify the relationship between “Bai-guan novel”(稗官小說) and “popular vernacular novel”(白話通俗小說), and to elucidate the cultural identity of “Yanyi”(演義) and heighten the awareness of writing conventions. We focused on five novels written in the late Ming dynasty of China (i.e., San-Yan and Er-Pai) and developed a discourse from three aspects: (a) unraveling the developmental process of ancient Chinese novel concepts and clarifying the characteristics of “Yanyi” writing, (b) examining and analyzing the writing awareness and language attributes of “Yanyi”(演義)from the perspective of “Unofficial History”(野史), (c) identifying the characteristics of style in the short “Yanyi” of San-Yan and Er-Pai as a paradigm from the perspective of traditional historian biographies. We hope that the results of this study can serve as a reference for modifying and supplementing deficiencies in traditional vernacular novels and providing a theoretical basis for discussions on ancient Chinese popular novels.