從日治時期「全島詩人大會」論臺灣詩社的變遷及其時代意義

On the Progress of Taiwanese Poetry Societies and Their Historic Significance During the ''Island-wide Congress of Poets'' of the Japanese Colonial Period

臺灣詩社進入日治時期產生極大的變遷，已成為學界之共識。然而，這種變遷的實際樣態是什麼？反映了怎樣的社會氛圍？具有怎樣的時代意義？雖然不乏論者涉及，但對於變遷樣態的細節把握，或單一個案的處理，都有可以秉鍤的空間。缽聲連續不輟13年的全島詩人大會（1924-1937）為年度盛事，逐年由各地重要詩社承辦，他們在承辦大會時複製各自的成功經驗，又對當時盛行於各地的詩學組織產生相當程度的示範意義。本文以大會為觀察對象，並以1934年在嘉義的舉辦剛好為第二個十年的首發，該次大會的籌備過程、會期流程、會後的活動，格外具有指標的意義，正好用以參照歷次大會的活動內容，考察其淵源、地位、籌辦組織以及成員的來源屬性，透過比較，適以反映大會對於現代性所帶來的行政區域分劃、科層分工體制、時間感、印刷現代性、鐵道等之接受與利用程度，同時，亦理解臺灣詩社本質，儘管在殖民統治下，其組織樣態與社會作用大為不同，揆其本質，仍不脫顏崑陽所主張的「詩用學」理論之範限。尤有甚者，在文明現代性的推波助瀾下，臺灣文人企圖將此文化進一步推廣到社會中的每一個角落，雖然這樣的努力在1937年遭遇皇民化運動，難以匹敵國家霸權，但其所代表的文化價值與時代意義，仍值得吾人肯定。

Within the academy, it has been commonly acknowledged that Taiwanese Poetry Societies as a whole underwent major changes during the Japanese Colonial Period. However, what were these changes in reality? And what kind of social atmosphere do they reflect? What are their historic significance? Although these issues have long been discussed by scholars, there is ample room for in-depth investigation as well as exploration of these changes and careful observation of single cases. The ''Island-wide Congress of Poets'' (1924-1937), as a prominent annual event that took place for thirteen successive years without fail, was hosted by major poetry societies across the island. Members of these societies replicated each others' successful experiences while serving as important sources of inspiration for local poetic organizations. This article sees the Congress as a prime opportunity all the scholars working on this phenomenon to do deeper analysis of the dynamics of influential poetic events: from their preparation, session processes, and subsequent activities. For more in-depth analysis, we use the specific congress held in Chiayi in 1934, which as the 20th Congress of Poets is marked for its historic significance. By closely studying it, we can better understand the event's origins, influence, organization and participants. The changes of the way the Congress was structured would reflect the Congress's response to modernization in terms of its utilization of systematic division of work in administrative regions, its historic impact, modern printing technology, and the railway. Meanwhile, we are to understand that despite being under colonial rule, Taiwanese poetry societies differed greatly in their organizational structure and social influence. In essence, they were nevertheless within the range of what Yen kun-yang proposes as a ''Social culturality of Poetry.'' Even more so, with the help of modernization, Taiwanese poets attempted to spread poetry into every social corner. Though their effort was thwarted in 1937 by Japanization, as a cultural event fighting against governmental authority, it was remarkable for its cultural as well as historical values.