《新石頭記》的文化藍圖與清末民初的文化轉型

Notes on the Cultural Transformation in the Late Qing and Early Republican Period Based on the Cultural Blueprint in New story of the stone

清末小說家吳趼人，他的《新石頭記》借用了《石頭記》（《紅樓夢》）中的人物，而核心的情節是寫賈寶玉等人「與二十世紀相見」。面對歐風美雨，傳統的文化人如何回應西方的挑戰？中國怎樣才能自立於世界民族之林？這是吳趼人試圖通過文化藍圖的設計——理想人格的塑造和理想制度的描繪——加以回答的問題。他一方面提出了「中體西用」的答案，另一方面又對這個答案將信將疑，新文化人「全盤西化」的立場已呼之欲出。吳趼人所要保全的「國粹」是西化了的「國粹」。從《新石頭記》的文化藍圖看清末民初的文化轉型，我們對時代精神的變遷可以獲得較為親切的感受。

New story of the stone, written by Wu Jianren , a famous novelist of late Qing Dynasty, continued to use the characters of The Story of the Stone(Dream of the Red Chamber),while its core plot showing how Jia Baoyu et al “met the 20th century”. Encountering the influences of Western culture and civilization, how could controversial Chinese scholars cope with the challenge from the Western? How could China keep its own independence? These questions were what Wu Jianren wanted to answer through the cultural blueprint design, which mainly contained the process of sculpturing ideal personality and describing ideal social system. On the one hand, he put forward the idea of the “integration of Chinese culture and western technology” as an answer, however, on the other hand, he was quite uncertain about it. So the view of wholesale westernization can be seen obviously.,and we find that “the quintessence of a country” he wanted to preserve is westernized. Noting on the cultural transformation in the late Qing and early Republican period based on the cultural blueprint in New story of the stone, we can get a vivid impression of the transformation of the spirit of its time.