從劉基佚作看宗譜中名家作品的真偽問題

Genuine or Fake: the Authenticity of Works in Pedigree Signed by Famous Artists

散見於集部文獻之外的明清名家佚作作品，可謂數量眾多，相關輯佚是一項非常重要而長久的工作。但這些作品歷來多有託偽，魚龍混雜，真假莫辨，若貿然採信，實有極大的風險。以明初作家劉基為例，僅從上海圖書館館藏明清家譜中便輯得署名劉基的集外詩文二十四篇，從中考訂得佚作三篇、偽作五篇、存疑十六篇。通過對這些託名作品的文本細讀和背景梳理，可以發現明清文獻中的單篇造假現象在主題類型和體式選擇上存在一些常見的習慣，由此亦可歸納出今人在從事辨偽工作中應當遵循的一些基本原則。另外，通過作品的規律性辨偽，對現今明清名家輯佚中的一味趨多之風，具有一定的示範和警示作用。

Beside the category of literary works, there is a lot of works that singed by famous artists, to collect them is an important work will take long. But some of the works are fake, it`s not appropriate to consider them as the work created by the famous artists in haste. Take the famous author Liu Ji as an example, I find 24 works signed Liu Ji in pedigree of Ming and Qing dynasty that collected in Shanghai library, through textual research, proved only three of them written by Liu Ji, five of them are fake, and the rest sixteen works can`t be confirmed. Through textual research and review the background, we can find some custom of theme and style appeared in separate fake works. From this, some basic principle can be concluded and used in identify task nowadays. Moreover, through the conclusion of identifying, hope the situation that consider all the works find in other anthology are created by the author can be cautioned.