藝術政治化：1960-1970年代臺灣省立博物館的特種展覽

The Politicization of Art: Special Exhibitions in the Taiwan Provincial Museum from the 1960s to 1970s

1962年臺灣省立博物館組織與空間改造，成立教育活動組辦理特展，創設文教活動室，嶄新的空間使其成為各美展的優先選項，從過往「政治宣傳」為展示主流，轉以書畫展為主流。但這種書畫展並非無方向性，大量書畫展反映該藝術類型作為國家美術被扶植、典範化，透過官辦美展活動將國家意識形態貫徹各階層。換言之，此階段書畫展快速成長，是官方建構國家藝術的推廣成果。另一方面，因省博開放各團體皆可辦展，包括戰前美術團體、美工／建築科系畢業展、商展等多元展覽，反映1960年代以降社會力的蓬勃發展，使得1960至1970年代的省博展覽具有國家與民間多重交會的面貌，但也可見國家意識形態仍不時竄流、變形於各類展覽。

The Taiwan Provincial Museum underwent an organizational and spatial transformation in 1962. The museum established the“educational activities section”for running special exhibitions, and an exhibition space, the“Cultural and Educational Activity Room,”was also added. The brand-new exhibition space made the Taiwan Provincial Museum the first choice for all kinds of art exhibitions. This transformation changed the orientation of exhibitions from outright political propagation to pure art in the 1960s. Yet, these artistic exhibitions were not planned without political agendas. The multitude of exhibitions for Chinese calligraphies and paintings affirmed their paradigmatic status as“national art”and revealed national support for fine art. They helped the national ideology infiltrate all social strata. In other words, the rapid growth of Chinese calligraphy and painting exhibitions reflects the result of the construction of a“national art”by the state. However, due to the openness of the Taiwan Provincial Museum, artist groups established before 1945 as well as graduating students and commercial groups were also able to hold their exhibitions there. This diversity reflects the flourishing social forces after the 1960s and gives the exhibitions in the Taiwan Provincial Museum in the 1960s and 1970s both a national as well as a civil character, embodying especially the interactions of the two of them at different levels. Nonetheless, an underlying national ideology operated in tacit and diverse forms in all kinds of exhibitions from time to time, channeling as well as transforming these exhibitions in various ways.