法、英、日、中高等教育制度比較研究

自從第二次世界大戰結束以來，由於中等教育的迅速普及，導致中學畢業生的急劇膨脹，想要進入大學的青年也就相對增加。同時由於民主思想的發展，原來只有精英份子(elite)才能進入大學，現在則大家都想擠入，使得大學的容量無法接受。一九六○年代後期，各國大學校園的不安定，或多或少與此都有關聯。因以前中等教育的問題，現在已逐漸升級而變成高等教育的問題了。 我國當然也不例外，近年高等育問題已逐漸成為整個教育問題的中心，而吸引大家的注意。可是許多問題的討論常只是意見的表達，而未能做為改進的依據。實則問題的解決，必須以瞭解真象為基礎，而要瞭解一國教育制度的真象，比較是最好的方法。只有透過比較，才能顯示自己真實的狀況。而近年來有關各國高等教育的著作或研究報告雖然不少，但大多僅止於某國高等教育之介紹，很少從比較教育的觀點，蒐集多數國家的資料，做同時比較，因此所得結果也常只是某一國家的情形，不易得到客觀的結論。有的即仗將各國資料並列，也未加以詳細的比較，仍不能能使參考者得到清晰的概念。 基於以上的理由，本研究擬透過國家間高等教育制度的比較，以發掘我國高等教育的問題，以及應循的方向，做為改革我國高等教育制度的參考。

The purpose of this study was to investigate both the characteristics and the trends of higher education in France， the United Kingdom， Japan and the Republic of China. By a comparative analysis， nine major findings are secured in this study as follows: 1. Admission to universities is open to the holders of baccalaureat in France， and those who pass the examinations for the General Certificates of Education in U.K.， but in Japan and R.O.C.， because of extremely large numbers of applicants， they are selected by means of competitive entrance examinations. 2. The lengths of undergraduate programs in Japan and R.O.C. are longer than those of UK and France， and the types of degrees are more complicated in the latter two countries. 3. Faculty members of higher education institutions are appointed by a system of three ranks (professor， associate professor， and instructor) in France， Japan， and ROC. But， in UK， there is a system of four ranks (professor， reader， senior lecturer， and lecturer) for the faculty members. 4. There are national universities in France， Japan and R.O.C. The UK universities are all private institutions. Also， there are many private higher education institutions in Japan and R.O.C. 5. The jurisdictional power of the State over higher education institutions are stronger in France， Japan and R.O.C. than in UK. 6. The President and major academic administrators are elected by the faculty members in the universities in France，UK and Japan. 7. The finance of higher education are mostly the responsibilities of the central governments in all of four countries. In Japan and R.O.C.， the governmental subsidies for the private institutions are urgently needed. 8. In R.O.C.， there are insufficient financial aids available for the poor students in colleges and universities. 9. The tuition fees are highest in the private universities in Japan， and lowest in France.