晚明《山海經》圖像的南傳――以《謨區查抄本》為例

The Southbound Dissemination of the Figures of“The Classic of Mountains and Seas”in Late Ming Dynasty――The“Boxer Codex”as the Example

《山海經》一書，不僅在日、韓有影響力，也出現在十六世紀的馬尼拉一份抄本上。這份抄本最初被稱《馬尼拉手稿》，後改稱《謨區查抄本》。抄本的內容，包括對菲律賓、東南亞以及大明的彩色圖文描述。有關大明的部分約60張圖，與晚明日用類書的內容相似，大部分都是來自《山海經》的鳥獸蟲魚。本文以《謨區查抄本》中蒐錄的《山海經》圖像為主，討論抄本《山海經圖》的來源及製作，也透過參照，比對繪製者對〈諸夷門〉的誤用與誤讀。《謨區查抄本》的語言、文字、書寫等跡象，反映十六世紀中國與南洋間的交流互動，顯示菲、閩兩地華人社群間的出版文化關聯密切。

Based on the existing materials, there are the texts and figures of“The Classic of Mountains and Seas”in Korea and Japan, while there are also the figures of“The Classic of Mountains and Seas”adapted and reproduced for commoners according to local conditions. As a matter of fact, the influence of“The Classic of Mountains and Seas”has gone beyond the East Asian cultural sphere, reaching those countries in Southeast Asia. Roughly in the 1590s, there was such a manuscript of unknown author. Scholars called this invaluable manuscript the“Manila Manuscript”, and then renamed it the“Boxer Codex.”C. R. Boxer was the person who rediscovered this manuscript in the first half of the 20th century. The contents of the“Boxer Codex”include the description of the Philippines, Southeast Asia, Northeast Asia and the Ming dynasty through texts and colorful paintings. Among them, there are approximately 60 figures on the Ming dynasty, which are similar to the contents of“Zhu Yi Men”(“Categories of Various Barbarians”), a daily Leishu published by Jianyang in late Ming dynasty, mostly birds, beasts, insects and fish from“The Classic of Mountains and Seas.”This paper focuses on the discussion of the figures of“The Classic of Mountains and Seas”collected by the“Boxer Codex,”examining the sources of production of the manuscript“Sun Hai Jing Tu.”At the same time, through comparison, this paper also points out how the“Zhu Yi Men”was misused and misinterpreted.