應對氣候變化國際法治理模式的創新：統籌發展與安全的進路

Innovation of International Law Governance Model to Address Climate Change: An Approach to Integrate Development and Security

氣候變化議題下的國際法治理模式呈現多形式特徵，但不同治理模式間的協同效應不凸顯。由於氣候變化產生的廣泛安全影響，發展視角下的國際法治理模式呈現出治理乏力的狀態。國際氣候法治理模式存在應對氣候變化問題安全影響關鍵條款缺失、制度本身強制執行力和履約不足等侷限。國際人權法治理模式從屬人的角度出發應對氣候變化對人的安全的影響，但仍存在著調整範圍不足、忽視對氣候變化的預防等侷限。故而，國際社會開始尋求以聯合國安理會作為處理氣候變化問題的機構，並探尋安全視角下處理氣候變化問題的可行性。但安理會在政治和法律上的行動限度限制了其深度參與氣候變化國際治理的進程。三種治理模式由此在實踐中形成氣候變化國際法治理的困境。究其治理困境的根源，是世界各國應對氣候變化問題時對發展與安全兩個方面的立場、權利和利益存在差異。基於此，本文擬探索一種發展與安全協同的合作治理模式，充分利用現有的三種治理模式各自的獨特功能實現互補優化，以有效協調發展與安全的訴求差異，實現應對氣候變化國際法治理模式的創新。

The international law governance models under the topic of climate change show multiform characteristics, but the synergy effect between different governance models is not highlighted. The governance models of international climate law and international human rights law are the main governance models of the international community to deal with climate change issues in the past 30 years. Meanwhile, the extensive security implications of climate change have prompted the international community to seek the UN Security Council as the body to address climate change issues and explore the feasibility of addressing climate change issues under a security perspective. Although international climate law, international human rights law and the Security Council can play their unique functions in addressing climate change issues, each of them has inevitable limitations, creating a dilemma in the governance of international law on climate change in practice. The root cause of this dilemma is the difference in the positions, rights and interests of countries around the world in addressing climate change issues in terms of both development and security. Based on this, this paper concludes by exploring a cooperative governance model from the perspective of synergy between development and security, making full use of the unique functions of each of the three existing governance models to achieve complementarity and optimization, in order to effectively reconcile the differences in development and security demands, and achieve innovation in the international law governance model for addressing climate change.