作為義務的隱私:數字時代下的挑戰與應對

Privacy as a Duty: The Challenges and Responses in the Digital Age

隱私，不僅有作為權利的隱私，還有作為義務的隱私，後者包括與身體禁忌相關的空間性隱私義務，以及與道德性內容審查相關的信息性隱私義務。作為義務的隱私既可通過對個人自由的限制來維護社會秩序，保護特定群體，亦可通過區分公私義務來守護個人自由，促進社會穩定與發展，代表了秩序與自由、公共與私人之關係的平衡。但數字時代信息數據的高速流通與社會文化的日益開放對其造成挑戰，破壞前述平衡，使其產生過度管制與過度放任的雙重風險，並在兩極之間搖擺，處於不穩定狀態。對此，應當一方面從實體與程序角度限制公共權力，保護個人隱私與自由，另一方面守住法律與規範底線，保護婦女兒童等弱勢群體，並利用社會規範協同法律治理，區分不同場景採取不同措施，促進社會的多元健康發展

In addition to privacy as a right, there is also privacy as a duty, which includes space privacy duties related to body taboos, and information privacy duties related to ethical content moderation. Privacy as a duty can not only maintain social order and protect specific groups by restricting individual freedom, but also protect individual freedom and promote social stability and development by distinguishing public and private duties, representing the balance between order and freedom, public and private relations. However, the rapid flow of information and data and the increasing openness of social culture in the digital age have posed challenges to it. They undermined the aforementioned balance, and caused it to fluctuate unstably between excessive regulation and excessive permission. In this regard, we should, on the one hand, restrict public power from the perspective of substance and procedure and protect personal privacy and freedom. On the other hand, we should hold the bottom line of law and norms and protect vulnerable groups such as women and children. Besides, we should use social norms to coordinate legal governance, distinguishing different scenarios and taking different measures, so as to promote the diversified and healthy development of society.