國民中學不升學學生教育問題之研究

根據教育部調查（註一），民國六十四學年度我國實施九年國教後第六屆國中畢業生（含金馬臺澎），共計卅一萬九千二百五十一人。其中志願升學者有廿二九千八百五十六人（佔總人數七十二%）。但實際升學者只有十六萬七千三百八十九人（佔總人數五十二點四三%）。不能升學人數有十五萬一千八百六十二人（佔總人數四十七點五七%），幾達一半（見圖一）。 在將近一伴不能升學中畢業生中，經行政院青輔會，臺灣省社會處及各地區就業輔導中心輔導就業者有五萬六千三百四十七人（佔不能升學者卅七點一%）（註二）。另據臺灣省社會處及各地區就業輔導中心調查臺灣省區自行就業者有一萬九千四百六十八人（佔不升學者十二點八三%）（註三）。其他尚有七萬六千零四十七人（佔不升學者五十點○七%，大部份是既不能升學又不能就業而賦閒在家者（見圖二）。 在已就業之國中畢業生中，據社會處及各地區就業輔導中心抽樣調查（註四），其離職率且又高四十八點一八%（見圖三）。 上述這些不升學學生，有三種適應上的困難： 1.學業適應上的困難──成績低落或學習不感興趣，使教師較難作正常化的教學。 2.生活適應上的困難──因不能升學，部份學生產生自卑感，造成問題行為。 3.就業適應上的困難──因職業選修課程設備、師資、教材、教法、時數與建教合作未能臻於理想而形成就業適應上的困難。 針對以上困難，應如何設法克服，使本項研究具有其必性。

There were a total of 319，251 junior high graduates in Taiwan， Republic of China in 1976-1977. there were 72% of the above graduates who expressed they wish to enter the senior high school， but actually there were only 52.43% of the above graduates who could enter the senior high school. So nearly one half (47.57%) of the above graduated students (151，862) could not enter the senior high school. And there were only 49.9% of the above graduates who can’t enter the senior high school can find a job，， the others with a total of 76，047 graduates who couldn’t enter the senior high school (50.07%) nor could find a job. Still there were 48.1% of the graduates who found a job but leave their work no more than one month. All the above facts showed three kinds of problems: 1.On studying: they often received low achievements and were difficult for a normal classroom teaching situation. 2.On daily-lifing: because of the sense of inferiority， there were many unadjustable behaviors. 3.On career education planning: due to shortage of vocational teachers， curriculum and facilities in junior high school， there were many difficulties in preparing vocational orientation. The purpose of this study is to find some ways to decrease the above problems. The conclusion and recommendation of this study are as follows: (1) On the adaptation problem of learning a.Preparing more easy and practical learning materials for those who will not enter the senior high school. b.Arranging special evalution methods for those students including knowledge， skills and aptitude. c.Arranging special guidance services for those students on learning methods， learning planning and examination preparation. (2) On the adaptateion problem of daily-life a.Preparing more extra-curricular activities for those who will not enter the senior high schools. b.Arranging more chance for those students to know how to be a good citizenship in a democratic society. c.Preparing more guidance services for those students on daily-life problems and more contact with their parents. (3) On the adaptation problem of career education. a.Preparing more career education for those who will not enter the senior high school. b.Arranging more cooperation between junior high school and technical school， between junior high school and employers to prepare the students with greater opportunity to attend the vocational classes and more chance for practicum. c.Preparing vocational training center in every country and city to support the vocational program of every junior high school.