製造業中階技術人才培育之優化策略

Optimization Strategies for Cultivating Middle-skilled Employees in the Manufacturing Industry

產業人力需求攀升及人口結構變動衝擊，中階技術人才供需失衡問題日益嚴峻。本研究以人力銀行網站資料庫針對缺工、缺才嚴重且占臺灣製造業65.2%的電子製造類、機械製造類及金屬製造類產業，分析其中階技術人才相關職缺數所屬產業與職務類別、求才（職）情形、學歷、學科及證照條件等；並採質性訪談3個產業公協會5位代表，與2場焦點團體訪談共10位產官學代表，蒐集中階技術人才缺工情形及培育現況等內容。針對擴大中階技術人才之培育量能、各方資源宜加大投入產學合作、避免技職教育學術化及過度教育、落實證照法制化及加速建立國家資歷架構等四個面向綜合討論，提出中階技術人才培育建議，包括：一、退場學校轉型為培訓單位或企業學校；二、鼓勵女性、多元族群及弱勢學生就讀STEM領域；三、加強延攬僑外生及其留台工作；四、適時調控普通及技職教育之就讀人數；五、強化產學鏈結提升實務技術能力；六、跨域學習具備數位觀念與數位能力；七、立法制定企業人才培育責任或提供企業育才誘因；八、證照結合職能及推動國家資歷架構；九、依產業特性布局人才培育，提供政府機關、技職學校及產業界推動中階技術人才培育之參考。

This study analyzes the job vacancy numbers related to middle-skilled employees in the manufacturing industry, which account for 65.2% of Taiwan’s manufacturing industry and face severe labor and talent shortages, based on data from a job bank website database. The analysis includes the industries and job categories to which the vacancies belong, the recruitment situation, educational and disciplinary requirements, as well as certification requirements. Additionally, qualitative interviews and focus group discussions were conducted to collect information on the shortage of middle-skilled employees and the current state of talent cultivation. Based on comprehensive discussions in four dimensions, namely expanding the capacity for cultivating middle-skilled employees, increasing investment in industry-academia collaboration, avoiding the academicization of technical and vocational education and overeducation, and implementing a certification system and expediting the establishment of a national qualifications framework, this study proposes suggestions for middle-skilled employee cultivation, including: (1) transforming retiring schools into training institutions or enterprise schools; (2) encouraging women, diverse communities, and underprivileged students to study in STEM fields; (3) enhancing recruitment of overseas Chinese students and promoting their employment in Taiwan; (4) regulating the enrollment numbers of general and technical-vocational education; (5) enhancing the industry- academia collaboration; (6) promoting cross-disciplinary learning with digital skills; (7) enacting legislation for talent development in enterprises; (8) integrating certifications with job functions and promoting the establishment of a national qualifications framework; (9) tailoring talent cultivation to industry characteristics. These provide references for government agencies, technical and vocational schools, and the industry in promoting the cultivation of middle-skilled employees.