多重邊緣的自覺：冼玉清嶺南研究的重層視域

Self-Awareness of Multiple Margins: The Palimpsest Horizons of Lingnan Studies of Sin Yuk-ching

清末民國有「嶺南才女」之稱的冼玉清（1895-1965），除了以古典詩文活躍於男性文人社群中，還是少數出生澳門，在嶺南文化場域成功立足的女性學者。她以樸學傳統治嶺南文史，發揮影響力。冼玉清是嶺南歷史上編寫女性著作目錄的第一人，也是廣東女性研究學術脈絡開創者。
冼玉清一生流動於澳門、香港、廣東之間，她的嶺南研究揉雜廣東、澳門、香港華人文化，以及葡萄牙、英國殖民經驗所形成的「重層視域」。明代以來，澳門作為「南天樂土」，與嶺南文化社群保持緊密聯繫。一方面被中原文化視為邊陲，同時又是西方文化輸入中國的基地。不過，除了從本土引進人才以外，部分澳門學者也承繼移民社會、殖民地的特殊歷史條件，活動於廣東、香港、澳門，發展出具有嶺南特色的治學風格。其中，冼玉清是較早論述澳門在中國近代史重要意義的學者，她也不懈地在嶺南文獻中，挖掘處在不同邊緣位置的人物與文化。本文突出冼玉清的「多重邊緣自覺」，包括嶺南相對於北方文化中心之邊緣，以及嶺南研究中澳門、香港研究之邊陲，還有民國女性在知識場域中從邊緣擠向中心的處境。進一步討論易代之際，冼玉清如何在澳門接受改良廣東的新式教育，又在世變中透過建構嶺南文史研究，將澳門經驗帶回廣東文化圈，並在戰爭時期於香港透過歷史書寫實踐民族主義。

During the late Qing and Republican era of China, among the few female scholars from Macau, Sin Yuk-ching (Xian Yuqing冼玉清, 1895-1965), or more commonly known as the“Lingnan talented woman”嶺南才女, was the most successful active female scholar and classical poet within the Lingnan male literati community. She was also the first to compile a bibliography of women’s works in the history of Lingnan and the pioneer of the academic lineage of women’s studies in Guangdong.
Throughout her life, Sin Yuk-ching moved between Macau, Hong Kong, and Guangdong, and her Lingnan studies combined the Chinese cultures from the three regions as well as the“palimpsest horizons”formed by Portuguese and British colonial experiences. From the Ming dynasty onwards, Macau had become a“southern paradise”南天樂土and frequently interacted with the Lingnan cultural community. On one hand, it was seen as a peripheral area to the Empire, but on the other, was a base from which China imported Western culture. Due to its immigration society and colonial history, the cultural circle of Macau not only ushered in talents from Mainland China, but also had some of its scholars move to different places such as Guangdong and Hong Kong, a trend which helped to develop the Lingnan academic style.
Among them, Sin Yuk-ching was one of the first scholars to discuss the importance of Macao in modern Chinese history, and she worked tirelessly to uncover people and cultures at different margins within Lingnan literature. The present paper highlights Sin’s“self-awareness of multiple margins,”including those of Lingnan in relation to the cultural centers in the north, of Macau and Hong Kong within Lingnan studies, and of women in the Republic of China as she placed herself in the center of the intellectual field from the margin. Furthermore, this study analyzes and interprets the new Cantonese education Sin had received in Macau during the late Qing and Republican era , how she brought a Macau experience back to Guangdong cultural circles by constructing Lingnan literary and historical studies in times of turmoil, and finally, how she demonstrated nationalism through historical writings in Hong Kong during the Second Sino-Japanese War.