在身心健全主義底下：戒嚴時期袁瓊瓊小說的「身心障礙」和「家醜身體」

Overshadowed by Ableism: Disabilities and“Bodies of Familial Shame”in Yuan Qiongqiong’s Fiction from the Martial Law Period

本文爬梳袁瓊瓊（1950-）文學生涯的前五本小說集，《春水船》（1979）、《自己的天空》（1981）、《兩個人的事》（1983）、《滄桑》（1985），和《又涼又暖的季節》（1986），指認這些小說集收錄的多篇文本早在戒嚴時期，就刻劃了身心障礙。雖然袁瓊瓊早就享譽文壇，但是她在身心障礙領域的建樹卻遲遲沒有受到足夠重視。因此，本文特別關注她刻劃身心障礙的貢獻。對越來越重視身心障礙的今日讀者來說，這批長期被低估文本提供管窺舊時代（按，戒嚴時期）身心障礙形象的可貴窗口。但有鑑於「身心障礙」這個詞彙的侷限，筆者提議用「家醜身體」一詞來補充「身心障礙」：袁瓊瓊早期作品中，身心障礙經常成為足以導致家醜外揚的麻煩，體現了家醜身體。這批小說中，情節高潮可能出自於身心障礙當事人，卻更可能出自於粗暴動手處置家醜的家屬。藉著指認家醜身體在多種小說的不同部署，筆者希望在小說文本裡頭，找出更多討論身心障礙的路徑：本文主張，「身心健全主義」的陰影，不但籠罩在身心障礙當事人身上，也足以讓當事人的家族成員不見天日。也因此，讀者在小說字裡行間尋找身心障礙形影的時候，除了可以留意身心障礙角色，也不妨關注身心障礙的家人有何蹊蹺。

This article identifies the disabilities shown in the texts of the first five story collections of Yuan Qiongqiong (1950-), all of which were published during the Martial Law Period. Inspired by the insights of emerging disability studies, the article urges the reader to recognize Yuan’s contributions, habitually underestimated, to literal representations of disabilities. From these, the reader might scavenge images of disabilities visualized even prior to the promulgations of laws to secure the rights and dignities that people with disabilities deserve. As the term“disabilities,”which connotates the awareness of disability rights, is both anachronistic and indispensable in discussions of Yuan’s stories published in the 1970s and 1980s, the article strategically proposes“the bodies of familial shame,”a notion to supplement rather than replace“disabilities.”In the stories by Yuan discussed in the article, the plots often startle the reader not with the characters’physical or mental conditions but with reactions to the shame resulting from the ableist ideology among the disabled characters’families. For example, to protect themselves from the supposedly contagious shame associated with their disabled family members, seemingly able-bodied and able-minded characters might resort to verbal or physical abuse of their already suffering parents, spouses, siblings, or children. Therefore, even when family members are not apparently disabled, they are never free from ableism. Rather, they can simultaneously be both victims of and collaborators in this ableist ideology and are thus worthy of attention in literary disability studies.