對真實性別的質問

Questioning Real Gender

什麼是性別？性別的分類又該以何為據？丹柏弗（2018）主張，基於社會正義，性別的分類不應該以現行的性別類為準。丹柏弗主張性別的本體多元主義——存在著多元的性別類——並且建議我們透過仿效非壓迫社群所使用的性別類和性別分類方式，來抵抗社會中既存的性別壓迫。我認為丹柏弗的分析有著許多內在的矛盾，包括錯誤的對其理論的自我描述，以及本體多元主義跟仿效策略之間的緊張關係。此外，針對性別類與性別的分類方式兩者之間的關係，我提出了一個不同的看法，同時說明我的覬點不僅能達成丹柏弗所希望的目標，還能避免他的理論所遭遇的困難。

What is gender and on what should gender classification be based? Dembroff (2018) has recently claimed that, for reasons of social justice, gender classification should not track extant gender kinds. They further argue for ontological pluralism—the existence of many gender kinds, and recommend that we combat oppression by imitating the gender kinds and classification practices in non-oppressive communities. Contra Dembroff, I argue that the analysis is subject to a number of internal problems, including a misguided self-characterization and a tension between ontological pluralism and imitation. In addition, I sketch a different perspective on the relation between gender kinds and gender classification practices that upholds Dembroff’s intended goal but ameliorates the unintended complications.