全球碳定價發展趨勢──企業與國家間競合

The Global Trend of Carbon Pricing–Competition between Corporations and Nations

本文由國際政治經濟的範疇進行討論，探討碳定價發展趨勢及國家與企業間的互動模式。本文發現碳定價所連動的國際金融資產，不僅將成為次世代新興金融商品，同時先進經濟體企業透過抗衡與扈從策略，能對具有較高碳權之開發中經濟體實施偏好影響。若以美國政府與特斯拉為競合案例，碳定價與碳交易明顯存在著國家與企業間合作又對抗的多重賽局，特別在共同利益上國家與企業存在合作之中又保有對抗資本的局面，致使每個碳定價連動的碳交易市場，都存在著國家優先與企業利益最大化的平衡過程；不同的是，碳交易賽局提供巨型企業相對較多的協商空間與話語權。

This study discusses the development trends of carbon pricing and the interaction between countries and enterprises from the perspective of international political economy. The study reveals that the international financial assets associated with carbon pricing will not only become the next generation of emerging financial commodities but also enable advanced economy enterprises to exert influence on developing economies with higher carbon rights through strategies of resistance and compliance. Taking the case of the competition between the US government and Tesla as an example, it is evident that carbon pricing and carbon trading involve multiple game dynamics of cooperation and confrontation between countries and enterprises, particularly in terms of shared interests where cooperation exists alongside confrontations for capital. As a result, each carbon trading market linked to carbon pricing experiences a balancing process between national priorities and maximizing corporate interests. The difference lies in the fact that the carbon trading game provides large-scale enterprises with more negotiation space and discursive power.