從「影像現身」到「婚姻平權」：新世紀台灣電影的酷兒變遷

From Coming Out of the Closet to Marriage Affirmati ve Action : A Queer Study on Taiwan ese Films in the 21st Century

台灣在同志平權運動和同志／酷兒電影創作方面一向走在亞洲前列。本文通過對台灣同志運動發展的梳理和同志／酷兒電影的文本分析，來研究社會活動與文本創作之間的相互作用。上世紀八九年代，台灣銀幕開始出現同性戀者形象，但這些並非同志運動在文化領域的先導，而僅僅是「新新電影」浪潮的一種邊緣輻射。新世紀初以《藍色大門》為代表的一系列作品塑造了台灣同志青春電影的次類型，在同志運動面臨現身壓力的背景下，同志青春電影實現了同性戀者的「影像現身」，以「陽光敘事」確立了同性戀存在的主體性，同時也將「同志現身」的焦慮以影像的方式傳導給社會大眾。2010年代，在同志社群有組織的運作下，「多元成家」成為政治角力中不可逃避的顯性議題，台灣社會也正式邁入了「婚姻平權」時代，此時誕生的台灣同志／酷兒電影告別了上個十年的青春氣息，以酷兒自我革新的生命力，拓展影像表達的邊界，創造多元家庭關係的可能性，展露陽光背後的性少數群體的邊緣生活。研究發現，台灣同志／酷兒電影在新世紀經歷了一次轉向，這種轉向與社會發展一致，這些作品既是社會運動的文化反映，又進一步推動了同志平權運動發展。

Taiwan has always been at the forefront of the LGBT movement and gay/lesbian/queer film creation in Asia. This paper examines the interaction between social activism and artistic creation by reviewing the development of the LGBT movement and the textual analysis of gay/lesbian/queer films in Taiwan. In the 1980s and 1990s, homosexual characters began appearing on the big screen in Taiwan. However, these were not the cultural pioneers of the LGBT movement, but merely by-products of the“Neo-New Cinema”wave. In the early 2000s, a series of works, led by Blue Gate Crossing, shaped the sub-genre of Taiwanese gay/lesbian youth films. Against the backdrop of the LGBT movement facing the anxiety of coming out, this subgenre achieved the“visual coming out”of homosexuals, establishing their subjectivity through a“sunny narrative,”while also conveying the anxiety of coming out to all through the medium of film. In the 2010s, under the organized efforts within the LGBT community, the issue of“diverse family formations”became an inevitable and prominent topic in the political arena. Taiwanese society has entered the era of“marriage equality.”The gay/lesbian/queer films born during this period bid farewell to the youthfulness of the previous decade. With the self-renewal vitality of queerness, these films expanded the boundaries of visual expression, creating possibilities for diverse family relationships and revealing the marginalized and obscured life styles of sexual minorities. The study concludes that Taiwanese gay/lesbian/queer films underwent a transformation in the new century, consistent with the societal development. These works not only reflect the cultural impact of social movements but also further promote the advancement of the LGBT movement.