不同年齡層國小身心障礙兒童自我表達參與現況之信度探究

Investigation of the Reliability of Self-reported Participation in Elementary School Children with Disabilities at Different Age Levels

身心障礙兒童到國小階段開始接觸全新的學習環境，家長或教師需要了解兒童在家庭、學校或社區生活參與的經驗。「圖示我的參與中文版應用程式（PMP-C App）」是一個讓兒童得以自我表達的工具，透過訪談讓兒童回答家庭、學校和社區的參與頻率和投入程度以及對兒童而言最重要的3個活動。本研究目的為探討「圖示我的參與中文版應用程式」應用於不同年齡層（分為6至8歲和9至12歲）國小身心障礙學童的再測信度。參與者包括30位就讀國小一至六年級身心障礙兒童，兩次訪談間隔時間為一週，分析參與頻率和投入程度的組內相關係數（ICC）及最重要活動的前後選擇一致性之人數比例。研究結果發現，國小身心障礙兒童在表達參與頻率和投入程度具有中度至良好的信度，9至12歲的兒童回答參與頻率與投入程度的組內相關係數高於6至8歲者。兩個年齡層皆有半數以上兒童在最重要活動的前後選擇具一致性（選擇2個以上相同活動）。但是，選擇3個完全相同活動的兒童皆落在9至12歲的年齡層。此外，兩個年齡層的兒童皆認為靜態休閒活動很重要。研究結果初步顯示PMP-C App能讓身心障礙兒童表達參與的經驗且具有信度，其照顧者應鼓勵兒童表達並重視其意見。最後本文提出後續研究之相關建議。

When beginning elementary school, children with disabilities are exposed to a new learning environment. As a result, parents and teachers need to understand their children’s experiences of participation in home, school, and community life. The Chinese version of the Picture My Participation mobile app (PMP-C App) is a self-report tool for children that, through interviews, allows children to identify the frequency of their participation and level of involvement in their homes, school, and community, and prompts them to select three activities that are most important to them. This study aimed to investigate the test-retest reliability of the PMP-C App for elementary school children with disabilities at different age levels (6–8 years vs. 9–12 years). A total of 30 students with disabilities from the first to the sixth grade (aged 6–12 years) participated in the study, with two interviews conducted at one-week intervals. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to analyze the children’s frequency of participation and level of involvement; moreover, the study analyzed the proportion of participants with test and re-test consistency between the selections of their most important activities. The study found that children with disabilities have moderate to good reliability in reporting their participation frequency and level of involvement. The ICCs for frequency of participation and level of involvement were greater among children aged 9–12 than those aged 6–8. For both age groups, over half the children were consistent in their selection for their most important activities at the test and re-test stages (selecting two or more of the same activities). However, the children who selected the same three activities were only found among the 9–12 year age group. Quiet leisure was identified as an important activity across both age groups. These results provide preliminary support for the reliability of the PMP-C App for children with disabilities in expressing their participation experiences. Caregivers are encouraged to facilitate children’s self-expression and value their opinions. Based on these results, the study offers suggestions for further research.