不拔本塞源，焉能一探通識自得境界：陽明心學與當前通識教育困境的突破

Yang-Ming’s Philosophy as a Breakthrough Strategy for the Current Dilemma of General Education

什麼是通識教育？是無法停止追問的問題，特別在少子化衝擊下，教育部對於高等教育學費調漲的過度干預，以及假借市場機制之名而放任私校倒閉風潮自生自滅。同時，高等教育的政策完全聽任家長、政客、與掌握學術資源的學者擺佈，讓高等教育徹底世俗化而理想性喪失殆盡，作為體現高等教育理想性的通識教育正陷入前所未有的困境。再者，通識教育與博雅教育在國內的通識教育界很少有人可以區分清楚。就本文而言，通識教育與博雅教育混肴不清，特別是對後者的「無知」，正是高等教育理想性喪失的表徵。本文首先嘗試說明兩者的差異，進而指出當前高等教育的困境，並援引王陽明的致良知，特別是「拔本塞源論」，對當前高等教育的困境進行更為具體的反思。最後，將與西方世俗合理化歷程進行對話，嘗試提出合理化的「拔本塞源論」，作為當前通識教育發展的方向：合理化「念念去人欲而存天理」的致良知，也就是宋明儒學的再度合理化。
畢竟，宋明儒學作為中國文明博雅教育的生命智慧，在現代化對於西方世俗合理化的全盤接受過程，受到毀天滅地的挑戰。王陽明對以朱熹為首的宋儒理學，已經進行合理化的批判與重建，本文用西方世俗合理化重建王陽明的心學，故稱之為再度合理化。這也正是本文最大的企圖心，對於中國博雅教育與西方世俗合理化進行融合，以協助當前臺灣高等教育特別是作為其理想性的通識教育，找回東西方文明的得以融合並進的方向，也期待這正是當前通識教育的發展方向。

What is General Education? It is an unstoppable question, especially under the impact of declining birth rate, the excessive intervention of the Ministry of Education in the increase of higher education tuition fees, and the collapse of private schools in the name of the market mechanism. At the same time, under the excessive intervention of parents, politicians, and scholars with academic resources, higher education has been completely secularized and its idealism have been completely lost. General education, which embodies the ideals of higher education, is falling into an unprecedented predicament. Furthermore, few people in the general education field in Taiwan can clearly distinguish between general education and liberal arts education. As far as this article is concerned, the confusion between general education and liberal arts education, especially the“ignorance”of the latter, is a symptom of the loss of idealism in higher education. This article first attempts to explain the differences between the two, and then points out the current plight of higher education, and cites Wang Yang-Ming’s (王陽明) philosophy, especially the theory of“pull the root and plug the source”(拔本塞源論) to reflect more specifically on the current plight of higher education. Finally, I will have a dialogue with the Western secular rationalization process, and try to put forward the theory of rationalization, as the direction of the current development of general education: rationalize the conscience of“eliminating human desires and preserving the principles of nature”, that is, Song and Ming Neo Confucianism re-rationalization.
After all, Song-Ming Confucianism, as the life wisdom of Chinese liberal arts education, also accepted the Western secular rationalization in the process of China’s modernization, and was challenged by the world. Wang Yang-Ming has already carried out rationalized criticism and reconstruction of Song Confucianism headed by Zhu Xi. This article reconstructs Wang Yang-Ming’s philosophy with the process of Western secular rationalization, so it is called re-rationalization. This is also the greatest intention of this article, to integrate Chinese liberal arts education with Western secular rationalization, so as to assist Taiwan’s current higher education, especially its ideal general education, to find the direction for the integration of Eastern and Western civilizations. It is also expected that this is the current development direction of general education.