日治時期日人對東沙島的經營與佔領—以《臺灣日日新報》之記載為中心

Japanese Operation and Occupation of Dongsha Island during the Japanese Occupation Period: Centered on the records of ''Taiwan Daily News''

東沙島地處南海，是南海數百個島礁中最大的島嶼之一。從島上曾有氣象台、無線電台和燈塔可以看出，該地為中國束南沿海地區漁民捕魚，交通往來的重要區域。而東沙島距離高雄港445公里，現在屬於高雄市旗津區中興里的管轄區，與高雄關係密切。而這樣行政歸屬的情形，可以追朔至日治時期日人商店對於東沙島的經營，然而對東沙島的研究作品，多關注於主權爭議，對於其歷史背景硏究相當有限。本文便試圖以臺灣日日新報中記載為主，輔以其他論文，著重於日人在東沙島的經營狀態，釐清日治時期，日人對東沙島的「發現」、經營與活動。其中尤以基隆西澤吉治的西澤商店對東沙島約經營與開發最具規模，且受到日本政府的協助，但最後因主權爭議而以失敗告終。即使清朝拿回主權，後期仍有不少日人如：石丸庄助、松下嘉一郎與高雄平田末治的平田商店，與中國商人合作，或持續在東沙島活動。在中日戰爭爆發後，日本政府積極將東沙島強行佔領，並將其經營為軍事要地且掠奪資源，讓東沙島染上南進政策下的濃厚色彩，也成為美日交手的主要戰場。隨著中日戰爭結束，東沙島就由中華民國政府接收而結束日本人的經營活動。

Located in the South China Sea, Dongsha Island is one of the largest islands among hundreds of islands and reefs in the South China Sea. It can be seen from the meteorological station, radio station and lighthouse on the island that this place is an important area for fishing and transportation for fishermen in the southeast coastal areas of China. Dongsha Island is 445 kilometers away from Kaohsiung Port. It is now under the jurisdiction of Zhongxingli, Cijin District, Kaohsiung City, and has a close relationship with Kaohsiung. The situation of such administrative ownership can be traced back to the operation of Japanese shops on Dongsha Island during the Japanese occupation period. However, research works on Dongsha Island mostly focus on sovereignty disputes, and the research on its historical background is quite limited.This article attempts to focus on the records in Taiwan's Daily News, supplemented by other papers, focusing on the Japanese business status in Dongsha Island, and clarifying the ''discovery'', management and activities of the Japanese on Dongsha Island during the Japanese occupation period. Among them, Keelung Nishizawa Yoshiharu's Nishizawa store operated and developed Dongsha Island on the largest scale, and was assisted by the Japanese government, but it ended in failure due to sovereignty disputes. Even after the Qing Dynasty regained sovereignty, there were still many Japanese people in the later period, such as Ishimaru Shosuke, Matsushita Kaichiro, and Kaohsiung Hirata Sueji’s Hirata Store, who cooperated with Chinese businessmen or continued to operate on Dongsha Island. After the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War, the Japanese government actively occupied Dongsha Island and used it as an important military site to plunder resources. This made Dongsha Island a strong color under the southward policy and became the main battlefield between the United States and Japan. With the end of the Sino-Japanese War, Dongsha Island was taken over by the government of the Republic of China and ended Japanese business activities.