日治時期高雄新式製糖業之建立與版圖演變

Establishment and Transformation in the Modern Sugar Industry of the Kaohsiung Area in the Japanese Colonial Rule

高雄是臺灣第一個新式製糖業進駐的區域，其新式製糖業從建立到大正元年大體擴張完成的過程，可分為3期。第一期明治34年(1901)至明治37年(1904)為新式製糖業萌芽時期，臺灣製糖和新興製糖先後在今橋頭、大寮設立兩個新式糖廠，但傳統製糖業在平原地區勢力仍盛，丘陵地區更是獨占；第二期是明治37年(1904)至明治42年(1909)，改良糖廓大量設立及新式糖廠擴張，致使平原區成為新式製糖業的天下，傳統製糖業仍獨霸丘陵地帶。第三期是明治42年(1909)至大正元年(1912)，新式糖廠在平原區持續擴張，排擠改良糖廊往丘陵區發展，形成新式糖廠分布平原、改良糖廊分布丘陵的佈局，新式製糖業獨霸高雄地區態勢完成。之後高雄地區走向新式製糖資本整併階段，亦可分為三期。第一期是大正元年(1912)至大正7年(1918)，為丘陵區改良糖廓整併時期，最終臺南製糖取得丘陵區絕大多數改良糖廓的經營權；第二期是大正7年(1918)至昭和2年(1927)新式糖廠勢力進入丘陵區時期，以鹽水港製糖為主的新式糖廠勢力併購丘陵區數個改良糖廊，並將原料採取區域納入旗尾製糖所範圍。第三期是昭和2年(1927)至日本統治末期臺灣製糖逐漸獨霸高雄地區時期，臺灣製糖先後取得旗尾製糖所和併購新興製糖，使得日治末期除田寮、燕巢惡地形為大岡山改良糖廓勢力範圉外，高雄其他地區盡入臺灣製糖勢力。
相較於另兩個糖業發達地區臺南、屏東，高雄的製糖業變遷過程，呈現幾點特色：1.新式糖廠資本當以併購改良糖廓將之裁撤，同時將改良糖廊原料採取區域納入新式糖廠區域的方式擴張版圖；2.不同於屏束平原日治初期即由臺灣製糖獨霸；以及臺南地區最終四大會社鼎立，高雄地區新式製糖資本是經過多次的整合與併購，由臺灣製糖取得獨霸局面；3.不同於臺南地區，高雄的丘陵區始終沒有設立新式糖廠，而是經由前述併購改良糖廊將之裁撤納入原料採取區域的方式擴張版圄，此外，臺灣製糖透過成立關係會社經營丘陵區改良糖廊，也是臺灣製糖業變遷中罕見模式。

Kaohsiung area is the first area where Taiwan's new sugar industry enters. The new sugar industry can be divided into three phases from establishment to completion of expansion. The first period（1901-1904）is the budding period of the new sugar industry. There are two new sugar factories set up in the plains, however, traditional sugar factories are still powerful in plain areas. The second period（1904-1909）, a large number of improved sugar factories were established and new sugar factories were expanded. The plain area became the world of the new sugar industry, traditional sugar factories still dominate the hills. The third phase（1909-1912）of the new sugar factory continues to expand in the plains, Improve the sugar factory to develop in the hilly area. Modern sugar industry dominates the Kaohsiung area. Afterwards, the new sugar capital in the Kaohsiung area began to consolidate. Until the end of Japanese rule, Taiwan Sugar Corporation almost monopolizes the entire Kaohsiung area.
Compared with Tainan and Pingtung, the transition process of Kaohsiung's sugar industry presents several characteristics. 1. New sugar factory capital often uses the method of mergers and acquisitions to improve sugar factories, to expand the scope of raw material acquisition. 2. Pingtung was dominated by the Taiwan Sugar Corporation from the very beginning, The Tainan area is finally home to the presence of the four major companies, The new sugar capital in the Kaohsiung area has undergone multiple integrations and mergers, and Taiwan Sugar has gained the dominance. 3. Unlike the Tainan area, Kaohsiung’s hilly areas had never set up new sugar factories.