臺灣民眾的交通不平等、交通生活方式與減碳政策偏好

Transport Inequality, Transport-Related Lifestyles, and Carbon Reduction Policy Preferences in Taiwan

全球氣候變遷導致民眾風險與損失，政府所採取的因應策略之一，是希望民眾改變交通生活方式，並支持政府的減碳政策。歐洲學者的研究發現，有關交通不平等因素會影響民眾交通生活方式，交通生活方式則會影響減碳意願。前述關係，在臺灣是否也成立，是我國交通節能減碳政策的重要關鍵。
本研究在2017年與2019年依據交通不平等、交通生活方式、減碳政策偏好等概念設計問卷，以電話民意調查合併交通地理資訊的創新方法，希望瞭解臺灣民眾交通生活方式對減碳政策的影響，總計獲得2,167有效樣本。統計分析顯示，交通不平等會影響民眾採用以機車為主的交通生活方式；民眾社會經濟地位影響使用汽機車機率，也會導致其不願意接受減碳的漲價政策。不過，騎乘機車者更容易由於大眾運輸可及性而採取綠色交通、也比開汽車者更不排斥漲價。
由此可知，交通不平等影響臺灣民眾採取交通生活方式，從而塑造民眾對漲價等減碳政策偏好。因此，政府可能透過改善交通公共服務的可及性以減少交通不平等，以改變民眾的交通生活方式與減碳政策偏好。

In the context of global climate change, the government expects people to change their transport-related lifestyles gaining public support on the carbon reduction policy. According to the research of European scholars, inequality in transport will affect transport-related lifestyles. In contrast, whether the aforementioned relationships can stand is vital to energy saving and carbon reduction in Taiwan.
In this study, we designed two waves (2017 and 2019) of the national representative survey of 2,167 Taiwanese adults through the innovative method of gaining transportation geographic information via telephone polls and explored the relationships between people’s transport inequality and lifestyles, and their carbon reduction policy preferences. In short, transport inequality will affect people’s transportation-related lifestyles and their carbon reduction policy preferences. In addition, transport-related lifestyles also shape the carbon reduction policy preferences in Taiwan.
Accordingly, transport inequality has an influence on transportation-related lifestyles and shapes the carbon reduction policy preferences such as price hikes. The government may reduce transport inequality through improving the accessibility of public transportation services and increase the possibility of changing people’s transportation-related lifestyles and the carbon reduction policy preferences.