試論博物館開放空間對於城市文化觀光的形塑

The Shaping of Urban Cultural Tourism by the Open Space of the Museum

誠如2015年頒布實施的我國第一部博物館專法所述：「博物館為具有高度精神價值之文化機構，世界各國不僅重視其收藏、研究、展示、教育之傳統功能，更視之為文化指標及城市標誌。全球化浪潮下，博物館不單是個人終身學習之寶庫，其日益彰顯之文化觀光與創意加值角色功能，也成為民眾觀光朝聖或休閒娛樂熱點。」就城市規劃的觀點而言，博物館屬於城市中文化性質之公共空間，除了提供居民參觀展覽、吸取資訊之外，亦能藉由博物館與觀眾之間的互動，增進大眾對於心靈與文化感知的渴望並滿足其需求。此外，博物館的戶外開放空間，更是許多民眾在閒暇時駐足停留、休閒娛樂的場所。
從博物館觀眾服務的面向分析，博物館開放空間作為博物館環境與觀眾實質接觸的第一道空間，其中導入的參觀體驗機制與型態為何，對於注重多元機能與豐富體驗的當代博物館而言，儼然已成為相當重要的課題。而不同類型的博物館，也能依據其性質與宗旨的不同，各自發展出別具特色的開放空間，形塑博物館與地域文化之價值與精神。本文將以文獻分析法為主，在文化觀光的概念下，彙整相關文獻資料並分析實際案例，進一步探討博物館開放空間在於城市文化及城市景觀的定位，並據以論述博物館開放空間如何強化博物館服務機能。期能除了提供觀眾更舒適的參觀環境和體驗之外，更進一步帶動周邊社區群聚效益，促進城市文化觀光產業的發展。

Just as the general description of the Museum Act implemented in Taiwan in 2015: Museums are cultural institutions with high spiritual value. Countries around the world not only attach importance to their traditional functions of collection, research, display, and education, but also regard them as cultural indicators and city landmarks. In the trend of globalization, museums are not only a treasure trove of lifelong learning for people, but their cultural tourism and creative value-adding functions have also made museums been a hot spot for tourism and leisure. From the perspective of urban planning, museums are a cultural public space in the city. In addition to providing exhibitions and information, they can also meet the visitors’desire and demand for spiritual and cultural perception through the interaction between the museum and the visitors. In addition, the open space of the museum is the one for many people to stay and relax in their leisure time.
The open space of the museum is the first space for the museum to contact the visitors.“What is the mechanism and type of visit experience introduced in it?”has become a very important topic to the contemporary museums that focus on multiple functions and rich experiences. Different types of museums can also develop unique open spaces based on their characteristics and purposes, shaping the value and spirit of museums and regional culture. Under the discourse of cultural tourism, this study summarizes relevant documents and analyzes cases, further explores the positioning of the museum's open space in urban culture and urban landscape, and finally discusses how the museum's open space can strengthen the service function of the museum. In addition to providing visitors with a more comfortable visiting environment and experience, it furthers the benefits of surrounding communities and promotes the development of urban cultural tourism industry.