社交機器人的該與不該：自閉症參與負責任創新研究的戲劇方法

Ought to be or Ought not to be for Social Robots: Using Theatre to Invite Autism to be Part of Responsible Research and Innovation

社交機器人作為科技創新的成果，近年投入於自閉症光譜患者的醫護情境。為了符合倫理地進行科技應用，許多區域組織提出「負責任創新」之概念，將科技物的利害關係人納入開發歷程之中，藉以廣納多元的倫理觀與價值觀。作為醫護機器人最直接的關係人——「自閉症光譜患者」卻因為認知上的多樣性，以致難以蒐集該族群的倫理觀。這導致自閉症光譜患者在社交機器人的創新歷程中無法參與倫理議題。本研究中，我們在倫理調查中加入「戲劇方法」嘗試取得8位自閉症參與者的人機互動倫理觀，他們將作為觀眾觀賞我們設計的照護機器人互動情境劇，並在觀賞完後回應戲劇中的自主權議題，藉此取得醫護情境中的自主權倫理判斷。根據我們的研究結果，戲劇方法使部分參與者在倫理議題的應答上轉為積極發言。綜合上述結果，我們認為有必要持續地開發戲劇方法這類多元的參與管道讓自閉症光譜患者能夠共同參與科技創新的歷程，以此落實「負責任創新研究」的前瞻性責任觀。

Social robots, as a technological innovation, have been applied in healthcare scenarios for individuals with autism spectrum disorder in recent years. In order to ethically implement such technological applications, many organizations have proposed the concept of“responsible innovation,”which involves including stakeholders in the development process to incorporate multiple values. However, due to the neurodiversity of people with autism spectrum disorder, it is difficult to set up the circumstances in which they can share their perspectives on the ethical issues of social robots in healthcare. In this study, we incorporated a“Theatre method”to encourage eight participants with autism to share their human-robot interaction ethics with us. They acted as audience members and watched the interactive scenarios we designed for the healthcare robot, and then we asked them for their thoughts and feelings about potential ethical issues concerning autonomy. We found that our theatre methods encouraged some participants to actively engage in ethical discussions. In conclusion, we believe that it is necessary to continue developing diverse methods to enable individuals on the autism spectrum to participate in the technology innovation process so that the“responsible research and innovation”can be fulfilled.