「五國聯軍」的列車：科技混生性的概念分析與臺北的軌道運輸系統

Rail Transportation Systems by“Quintuple Alliance”:Technological Hybridity and Rail Transportation Systems in Taipei

本文以臺北捷運與臺北市區鐵路地下化兩個大型都市軌道運輸系統工程為案例，提出科技混生性的概念，解釋在科技後進國家如臺灣經常出現的拼裝科技與系統整合現象。科技混生性意指在一科技系統之中，並存著來自於不同國家的技術物、知識、設計理念、意識形態且使得該系統能夠順利運作。然而，本文也指出，科技混生性的概念必須要在特定的條件之下應用才能得出有意義的分析：技術物的功能與意涵因為整合而發生改變、設計理念與意識形態矛盾的技術物與知識經過整合之後使得科技系統能順利運作，以及因為科技的整合而使得建構科技系統的行動者之間的權力關係發生改變。從臺北捷運與臺北市區鐵路地下化工程的案例中，本文爬梳外籍顧問與本地技術官僚與工程師的合作關係，並且分析包括臺北捷運路網規劃、技術規範訂定、臺北車站設計規劃、車站地下街的設計等具體技術實作案例，指出臺灣軌道運輸科技的科技混生性的根源，在於臺灣特殊的國際地位、追求科技自主性的彈性策略。

The phenomena of tinkering artifacts and system integration, as seen in the cases of Taipei Metro and Taipei Underground Railway Projects, can be explained by the idea of technological hybridity. Technological hybridity refers to the coexistence of multinational artifacts, knowledge, designing ideas, and ideologies in one technological system that can make the system workable. However, this article argues that technological hybridity can only be exploited under these specific conditions: the meanings or the functions of technology change due to the integration of multinational technology; the technology from different countries with contradictory design ideas or ideology are integrated in the same system; and the power relations among states are changed due to the resulting hybrid technology. This article examines how local technical officials worked with international consultants on the Taipei Metro and Taipei Underground Railway Projects, and analyzes the planning of the network of Taipei Metro, the setting of technical specifications, the construction of underground malls, and other empirical cases. I conclude that the roots of technological hybridity in Taiwan are Taiwan’s special international status and its flexible strategies to seek technological autonomy.