柬埔寨的國家認同──榮耀與傷痛的連動

National Identity of Cambodia: Interaction between Glory and Grief

柬埔寨的國家形象經常吳哥文明的榮耀，與赤柬恐怖統治的對比。本文以原生論與建構論之脈絡檢驗柬埔寨國家認同之要素與議題。我們發現柬埔寨的國家認同涉及了歷史、文化、社會和政治等多個領域，反映了長期與周邊社會交流和互動的歷史結果，特別是印度和東南亞其他國家文化對柬埔寨語言、宗教、藝術和建築等的影響，以及法國殖民主義和之後赤柬政權對柬埔寨身份認同都有深遠的影響。赤柬的恐怖統治摧毀所有文化傳承的媒介與機制，讓進入全球化時代的柬埔寨重新建構國家認同的要素。專制政權與貪汙腐敗仍是嚴峻的挑戰。

On the common images of Cambodia, it is seen of the splendid architecture of Angkor Wat contrarily with the brutal ruling of Khmer Rouge. These two strongest images have dominated the formation of Cambodian national identity since the French colonization to the globalization eras. The glorious historical elements gave Cambodians a source of nationalism to cope with French ruling and the Cold War politics. Just like Thailand and Burma, Buddhism also plays a big role in Cambodian nationalism. Although there is no obvious conflicts among religions, however, the sole and noble position of Buddhism still enact as a potential threat to common identity. The future challenges of Cambodia lie on the path of democratic reforms, in which decentralization of power and elimination of severe corruption are the keys to new Cambodia.