從社會科學研究典範質量之辯探析混合研究

A mixed-methods research on the debate of quantitative and qualitative paradigms of social science research

社會科學因應不同時代背景與各種不同典範的崛起和移轉，有不同的詮釋與研究方法，19世紀初，物理學門從本體論、認識論及方法論進行邏輯實證的研究，植基於實證科學之「量化研究典範」應運而生，主張以客觀分析社會現象，1960年起植基於詮釋理論之「質性研究典範」，主張以主觀的、理解的脈絡看待世界，社會科學研究也正式進入多元典範並存的時代。隨著質性研究的出現，許多相關議題引起爭辯，要如何確保了解典範間的差別，研究者必須了解基本信念、本體論、認識論及方法論的假設，並能互相進行對話。本文首先針對量化及質性典範基本主張及爭辯進行分析、其次說明質性研究和量化研究二者取徑及差異，最後探析混合研究的出現及運用並提出個人觀點提供參考。

Social science has developed different interpretations and methodology in responding to the vising and transition of historical backgrounds and models. In the early 19th century, based on the positivism paradigm of quantitative research, logical and empirical data that derived from ontology, epistemology, and methodology has been analyzed in physics. This leads to objective analysis of social phenomena. In 1960s, the paradigm of quality research based on hermeneutic suggests subjective and contextual view to recognize the world. Thus, the era of multiple paradigm has officially entered in social science. However, qualitative researches also caused controversial issues. The interaction between the researchers understanding the basic brief, ontological, epistemological, and methodological assumptions is needed to distinguish the difference within each paradigm. In this article, the basic propositions and arguments between quantitative and qualitative paradigms was firstly analyzed. Secondly, the quantitative and qualitative approaches were described the emergence and application of mixed research were also discussed. Finally, it analyzes the emergence and application of mixed-methods research and provides personal opinions.