上古漢語「自」、「以」介詞組語序重探

Re-Investigation of the Word Order of the Prepositional Phrases“Zi”自and“Yi”以in Old Chinese

上古漢語「自」、「以」介詞組與謂詞性成分組合時有置前與置後兩種語序。本文從文篇類型、句中位置、語體等使用環境觀察，認為它們屬於兩種不同的句式。置前時，介詞組與謂詞性成分構成狀中結構，表達「怎麼VP」，功能是敘述；置後時，則構成主謂結構，表達「VP怎樣」，功能是明。從歷時角度來看，這兩種句式之間不存在演變關係，置後形式的衰微是因為在發展上受到限制，並非介詞組前移。這樣的歷時演變應稱為「語序固化」。

The position of the prepositional phrases“zi”自and“yi”以in Old Chinese may be preverbal or postverbal. This paper observes their use from the perspective of discourse type, positioning in the sentence, and linguistic register, demonstrating that they are two different types of construction. The preverbal is an attributive structure which means“how to VP,”while the postverbal is a subject-predicate structure which signifies“how is VP”; moreover, the preverbal is used to narrate, whereas the postverbal is used to explain and describe. The two thus carry different functions. From a diachronic point of view, the two constructions have no relation to word order change. The postverbal experienced a decline due to its own constraints, instead of being fronted. To be precise, this evolution should thus be called“conventionalization.”