大學與中小學夥伴關係發展的評析

The Development of University-School Partnerships: A Literature Review

大學與中小學夥伴關係的發展，乃是師資教育政策與實踐上的重要議題。然而，對於大學與中小學夥伴關係的本質及其價值，我們的瞭解仍然相當有限。發展大學與中小學夥伴關係，大學與中小學雙方皆可從中獲益，中小學能夠獲得新的思維及知識，而大學也可以經由與實務的接觸而加以更新。長期而言，教師素質在這種夥伴關係中是可以改善的。為了提升教師素質，大學與中小學必須建立夥伴關係，加強彼此之間的協同合作，致力於促進教師專業發展。本文探討大學與中小學夥伴關係的發展，希冀對師資教育及學校實務在提升教師素質上有所助益。首先，探討大學與中小學夥伴關係的起源、概念及類型，以架構起夥伴協作議題理解的基礎；其次，分析大學與中小學夥伴關係的發展歷程，並分為探索、形成、實施、評鑑、改進、更新等六個階段，形成一個動態循環的歷程模式；接著，檢視大學與中小學夥伴關係所產生的實際效益，並進一步探討其潛在問題。最後，從研究發現中獲得有關大學與中小學夥伴關係發展的若干啟示。

The development of university-school partnerships is an important issue in teacher education policy and practice. However， the nature and value of university-school partnerships is not well understood. The development of university-school partnerships has positive impacts for both universities and schools. Through partnership， schools can gain new ideas and knowledge， while universities can get renewal from the access to school practices. In the long run， teacher quality can be improved in the process of partnership development. To enhance teacher quality， universities and schools need to establish partnerships， reinforce collaboration， and invest in teachers' professional development. This paper focuses on the development of university-school partnerships and proposes implications for both teacher education and school practices that can enhance the quality of teachers. First， it described the origins， the concepts， and the types of university-school partnerships. Then， the developmental process of university-school partnerships was analyzed. Further， it examined the benefits and problems of university-school partnerships. Finally， some implications for developing university-school partnerships were discussed.