馬來西亞工藝╱科技教育師資培育制度之研究

A Study of the Industrial Arts╱Technology Teacher Education in Malaysia

本研究主要目的在探討馬來西亞中小學工藝╱科技教育師資培育制度現況；研究的內涵包括現行師資培育概況、資格檢定與任用規定、在職進修、及未來發展趨勢與展望等項。為達成研究目的，本研究的方法有文獻分析、實地訪問考察與專家座談等項。本研究的結果有如下發現：（1） 馬來西亞教育師資培育概念架構，係依據全國教育哲學理念（NPE）及師資培育哲學理念（TEP），以培育高品質的中小學師資。（2） 自1996年起馬國制定許多法案來推動亦強化全國各級教育的發展，並有效落實教育經費的補助。（3） 1997年馬國新成立一所公立師範大學，以培育更多具有學士學位之專業師資。（4） 馬來西亞現有31所師範學院來培育具有文憑的中小學師資，其中20所設有生活能力課程。（5） 馬國師資訓練的課程著重於教學法與教學知識的訓練，並自1994年規定全國所有師範學院學生皆需修習電腦課程。（6） 馬來西亞現行生活能力職前養成師資系統主要有五種：（1.）3年期文憑師資教育（MDT）、（2.）1年期文憑後師資教育（PDTC）、（3.）1年期學士後師資教育（PGTC）、（4.）4年期學士學位師資教育、及（5.）2年期學士學位師資教育。（7） 馬來西亞現行生活能力在職訓練師資培育系統主要有二種：（1.）1年期在職教師進修教育（STDC）及（2.）14週在職教師進修教育（PDC）。（8） 馬來西亞教育部積極鼓勵中小學在職教師至大學進修，以提昇至學士學位；並且鼓勵現職教師參與在職進修活動，以充實專業知能。（9） 配合馬國政策，朝未來Smart School課程設計，來規劃師資培育方向。（10） 馬來西亞中小學師資培育制度係由教育部統一訂定，每一種師資培育系統，須經考核通過，使得發給文憑、證書或頒贈學士學位。而取得該專業科目之證書，只能在中小學任教該科目。

The focus of this study will be on the current status of teachers’ training programs of technology education in Malaysia， especially that for primary and secondary school levels. In light of this respect， several components， such as the current teachers’ training programs， pre─service training programs， certification， qualification， inservice programs， and the future trends， that comprise the current status of technology education in Malaysia will be revealed in this study.In order to depict such components， several research methods are used， such as literature review， field trips， and symposiums. As a consequence， some conclusions are reached as follows：\r1. The conceptual framework of current teachers’ training programs in Malaysia characterize the main ideas in the National Philosophy Education（NPE）and the Teacher Education Philosophy（TEP）.2. Many regarding legislation efforts（since 1996）accelerates the innovative process of Malaysian education.3. A public normal university was established in 1997 to foster more teachers with bachelor degrees.4. A total of 31 teachers’ colleges foster primary and secondary school teachers， however， among them， 20 colleges provide living skills programs.5. Teaching methods and knowledge are the focus of the teachers’ training programs. Moreover， computer literacy is one of the prerequistites by all students in teachers’ colleges.6. A total of five teachers’ pre─service training programs for living skills are offered by the current educational system：（1）Malaysian Diploma in Teaching（MDT）， （2）Post─Diploma Teaching courses（PDTC）， （3）Post─Graduate Teaching Courses（PGTC），（4）the four─year bachelor degree program， and （5）the two─year bachelor degree program.7. There are two in─service teachers’ training programs for living skills are offered by the current educational system：（1）Special Teacher Diploma Courses（STDC）， and （2）fourteen weeks Professional Development Courses（PDC）.8. Encouraging primary and secondary school teachers to pursue their bachelor degrees as well as to attend professional workshops in order to update their knowledge and technique.9. Redesigning teachers’ training programs in line with the curriculum postulated in Malaysian Smart School project.10. Teachers’ training programs are centralized in terms of teachers’ certification and qualification， since the Ministry of Education in Malaysia is the only legitimate agency.