台灣就業結構與所得分配變動趨勢－－全球化衝擊之影響評估

全球化的過程，對開發中國家和已開發國家的國民福利水準，都帶來無可避免的衝擊。1960年代以來，我國以出口帶動經濟發展的貿易策略，不僅締造台灣二位數的經濟成長率，所得分配也隨著所得成長而趨向平均。但是自1980年代中期開始，隨著經濟快速成長，台幣大幅升值，國內土地、勞動力等生產要素成本大幅上升，再加上中國大陸、東南亞與東歐國家挾其豐沛勞動力，紛紛投入全球生產體系，使得我國傳統勞力密集產業逐漸喪失競爭優勢，同時所得分配差距也自1980年代初期開始逐漸擴大。

Economic internationalization invariably affects economic welfare in both developed and developing countries. This study analyzes the impact on labor markets of changes in patterns of income distribution associated with the process of globalization. Focusing on representatives of the OECD countries and Asian economies after 1996, we obtained the following major findings. First, globalization has led to a deterioration in both employment and unemployment in Asian countries. Second, unemployment among the young and those of post-primary age is seen to be an inevitable part of the process of globalization in developing countries. Third, rising unemployment among skilled workers has become widespread in Asian countries. And fourth, the distribution of earnings has deteriorated strikingly in Taiwan since 2000. Based on intra-national and cross-country analyses, this study presents a number of medium- and long-term public policy proposals for promotion of the smooth and efficient functioning of labor markets in the context of globalization.