日本內閣文庫所藏《熊龍峰四種小說》考論

On Xiong Longfeng’s Four Novels (熊龍峯四種小説) in the Cabinet Book Collection of Japan

明代的出版文化，隨著經濟的繁榮、技術的進步和市場的需求，得到了飛躍的發展。無論是刊刻機關還是流通地區，其數量和規模都超越了宋元，呈現出空前的繁盛。福建建陽，從宋代起就以中國重要的書籍刊行地區而聞名於世。到了明代，建陽的出版業更是迎來了繁盛期，從刊刻到販賣極為盛行。建陽刊刻的書籍不僅遍佈中國全境，而且流傳到了海外，其中有不少就流傳到了日本。
日本內閣文庫所藏中國古籍中不乏天下孤本、善本，而《熊龍峰四種小説》為其中之一。《熊龍峰四種小説》是指〈張生彩鸞燈傳〉、〈蘇長公章臺柳傳〉、〈馮伯玉風月相思小説〉、〈孔淑芳雙魚扇墜傳〉。在中國本土已佚的這四種小説的版式和紙質相同，而〈張生彩鸞燈傳〉首頁有“熊龍峰刊行”，再參照熊龍峰所刻其他小說、戲曲作品的年代，可以推定這四種小說都為建陽刻書家熊龍峰在明代萬曆期間所刊刻的。
拙稿在概括明代福建建陽的商業出版——“坊刻”的發展狀況之後，把焦點聚集在熊龍峰的刻書活動中，並通過對內閣文庫所收藏的《熊龍峰四種小說》進行具體的考察和分析，來闡明四種小説形式和內容的特徵，進而探討這些小說對中國話本小說的流傳和發展所起的作用。

Xiong Longfeng’s Four Novels (熊龍峯四種小説) is one of the Chinese antiquarian books included in the Cabinet Book Collection owned by the National Archives of Japan. The Xiong Longfeng’s Four Novels consists of The Biography of Zhang Sheng Cailuandeng (張生彩鸞燈傳), The Biography of Suchanggong and Zhangtailiu (蘇長公章臺柳傳), Feng Boyu Fengyuxiangsi Novel (馮伯玉風月相思小説), and The Biography of Kong Shufang Shuangyushanzhui (孔淑芳雙魚扇墜傳). These four novels have already been lost in the mainland of China, but their editorial styles and the quality of paper are quite the same. Moreover, as The Biography of Zhang Sheng Cailuandeng (張生彩鸞燈傳) is prefaced with the description of ‘Published by Xiong Longfeng’, the four novels are presumed to be published by Xiong Longfeng (熊龍峯) in Jianyang (建陽) in the Ming (明) dynasty. In this paper , the publishing activity of Xiong Longfeng (熊龍峯) in Jianyang (建陽) in the Ming (明) dynasty is discussed. With the precise analysis of Xiong Longfeng’s Four Novels (熊龍峯四種小説), their features of the editorial styles and the contents are clarified, and what contribution the novels made to develop and expand Chinese novels is considered.