軍事攝影圖像系統性事實查核分析方法之初探──以裴洛西訪臺事件為例

A Preliminary Study on the Analytical Method of Systematic Fact Checking of Military Photographic Images—Using Pelosi's Visit to Taiwan as an Example

回顧有關事實查核文獻，以及觀察國內事實查核組織（即：MyGoPen、台灣事實查核中心）所產製之事實查核報告，缺乏軍事相關事實查核研究及系統性查核方法。然而，軍事相關假消息容易造成人民錯誤觀念及對生活的恐慌，故本研究目的為透過內容分析法，分析台灣事實查核中心自2022年08月01日至2022年09月30日發佈之有關美國眾議院議長裴洛西來臺前後產生的軍事攝影圖像之查核報告，共20則，以歸納出軍事系統性攝影圖像之系統性事實查核分析方法。本研究透過歸納事實查核之查核指標（即：正確、部分錯誤、證據不足、事實釐清及錯誤）、檢核要點（即：訊息來源、拍攝地點及時間）及攝影圖像判讀指標（即：光影、解析度、焦距、色溫及知識畫面）。研究結果顯示台灣事實查核中心所公佈上述軍事攝影圖像訊息所屬之查核指標皆為「錯誤」；檢核要點之訊息來源主要來自Twitter及Facebook，拍攝地點主要來自境外，時間則無特定規則；攝影圖像判讀指標以知識畫面的錯誤最多，其次為光影及焦距錯誤。本研究分析軍事攝影圖像特徵、來源，並進行標記與歸納，以此作為未來查核組織及一般大眾之軍事相關系統性事實查核方法參考及運用，能作為未來媒體素養教育應用之參考。

Reviewing relevant fact-checking literature and observing fact-checking reports produced by domestic fact-checking organizations (ie: MyGoPen, Taiwan Fact- Checking Center), there is a lack of military-related factchecking research and systematic checking methods. However, military-related fake news can easily cause people's misconceptions and panic about life. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the information about the United States released by the Taiwan Fact Check Center from August 1, 2022 to September 30, 2022 through content analysis. There are a total of 20 inspection reports on military photographic images produced before and after the Speaker of the House of Representatives, Nancy Pelosi, in order to summarize the systematic fact-checking and analysis methods of military systematic photographic images. This study summarizes the verification indicators of fact checking (ie: correctness, partial error, insufficient evidence, clarification of facts and errors), check points (ie: source of information, shooting location and time) and photographic image interpretation indicators (ie: light and shadow , resolution, focal length, color temperature and knowledge screen). The results of the research show that the verification indicators of the above-mentioned military photographic image information published by the Taiwan Fact Checking Center are all ''wrong''; the sources of information for the verification points mainly come from Twitter and Facebook, the shooting locations are mainly from overseas, and there are no specific rules for the time; photography Among the image interpretation indicators, the knowledge screen has the most errors, followed by light and shadow and focal length errors. This study analyzes the characteristics and sources of military photographic images, and marks and summarizes them, so as to serve as a reference and application of military-related systematic fact-checking methods for future review organizations and the general public, and can be used as a reference for future media literacy education applications.