永明延壽的修行析論：以有關朝暮二課的陀羅尼為主

The Analysis of the Daily Practice of a Buddhist Yong-Ming Yian-Shou Particularly in Dawn and Evening Practices in the Case of Dharani

關於延壽禪師的日常修行，本稿主要以《自行錄》中與朝暮二課有關的11件持誦陀羅尼的佛事為主軸而進行探討。《自行錄》在中國祖師大德的撰著中，屬於特殊作品。這主要是因為祖師們鮮少鉅細靡遺地敘述自己的日常修行生活、內容，除了歷代《高僧傳》或祖師個人傳記中所記載的蛛絲馬跡之外，因此延壽禪師《自行錄》的記載應可提供我們進一步理解中國僧人的實修情形，如：修行的心態、目標和具體方法等，甚至也可藉以探討佛教傳入中國以來演變至五代時中國僧人的修行取向，並與後世朝暮二課的內容作對比與檢討。

This article is to study the Buddhist daily religious practice of Master Chan Yian-Shou (延壽禪師, 904-976AD) who was a famous Master Chan (禪師), particularly based on his work ”Zi-Xing-Lu” (《自行錄》)in which eleven lessons were regarded to the early morning and evening practice relating Dharani (陀羅尼) and mantra (真言). Usually Zi-Xing-Lu was a kind of special Buddhist written work and seldom seen in Chinese Chan master s. This was because that they hardly wrote down their daily lives in detail unless in Biographies of higher rank Buddhist (《高僧傳》) as well as individual masters. Therefore, Zi-Xing-Lu written by Master Chan Yian-Shou provided more information about how Chinese Buddhists went on their religious practices on the base o f daily life, such as the mind, target and method of Buddhist. It also can be a kind of primary resources to study the development of Buddhism after it entered China and trends o f Chinese Buddhists religious practices. Especially, their Buddhist religious practices in early morning and evening and could be compared with that of later Chinese dynasties.