唐朝僧侶往來安南的傳法活動之研究

Propagating Activities in the Monks of Tang Dynasty & Annan

越南在一千兩百年前曾是一個國際貿易集散地，許多中國、印度和南海諸國的商船往來於越南北部。印度僧侶時常隨同商賈前往中國，途經北越，並在越南短暫停留，中國的僧侶也是如此。因此越南成了印度佛教從南海入中國的轉運站。 本文以唐朝時候的安南與中國為觀察時段，以史料、僧傳、佛經、行紀、詩文和筆記等文獻材料為主，考察安南與唐朝之間往來的僧侶種類和傳法內容，以了解僧侶傳播佛法的過程和交融影響的佛教思想，並分判越南禪宗的發展樣態。全文分「安南佛教發展的梗概」、「唐朝與安南僧人在海上絲路往來的活動」和「安南與唐朝佛教交互影響的樣態」等三大部分。 結果顯示，南海這條海路為唐朝與安南佛教交流寫下重要的一頁歷史，促成兩地的佛學內涵交融，唐朝僧人得安南僧人的協助能學會梵語、崑崙語，能一起譯經、一起到印度求法；安南的佛教因唐朝大乘佛教的影響而以禪宗為主，無言通入安南，為安南開了佛教禪派；唐朝的佛教因安南的小乘禪法而有禪律兼修與兼修密咒的走向；安南僧侶在中國佛經翻譯史上的貢獻應是很大的，而中國僧侶的僧傳、詩文、西域求法紀行一類的文字，更是為這條海上絲路留下許多紀錄。

Vietnam 1,200 years ago, is an international trade center, and many countries of China, India and South China Sea Merchant Shipping between northern Vietnam. Indian monks often go along with the merchants, via the North Vietnamese, and have a brief stopover in Vietnam, Chinese monks also. Therefore, Vietnam has become a transit station between China and Indian Buddhism. This article made an observation in the same period of Chinese Tang Dynasty and Annan, and studied the type and propagating content of monks in Annan and the Tang Dynasty through literature materials of historical data, monks’ biography, Buddhist travelogues, poetry, and notes. In order to understand the process of monks spreading Buddhism and blending of Buddhist thought, as well as to sub-contracting the development of Vietnamese Zen. The paper is divided into three parts, “The outline of the development of Buddhism in Annan”, “The monks’ activities of the Tang Dynasty and Annan through Maritime Silk Road” and “The patterns of interaction in Annan & Tang Dynasty Buddhist”. The results show that it wrote an important page in history for exchange of Buddhism in the Tang Dynasty and Annan in the South China Sea. It contributed a connotation blend to the two locations of the Buddhist. the Tang Dynasty monks can learn Sanskrit, the Kunlun language, able to work together to translate scriptures, and went to India to seek Buddhist dharma with the assistance of the Annan monks. Annan's Zen Buddhism due to the impact of the Tang Dynasty, Mahayana Buddhism. And there is a minor trend in Zen, Vinaya School, and Tantrism in the Tang Dynasty Buddhist because Annan’s Theravada meditation.