英文摘要 |
The ancient Upasaka (Buddhist scholar), Master Zhi Qian, whose grandfather came from Yuezhi to China in Han period (168-189), was born in China.The translation style of Zhi Qian greatly influenced the subsequent translation of Buddhist texts. He prefered to colloquial translation style, and claiming that the method of classical translation should be adjusted and changed. Early Chinese translation of Buddhist scriptures had focus on three main centers, Chang'an, Luoyang, and Jianye(Nanjing). They represent different dialect area of early medieval Chinese, include the western dialect ,eastern dialects, and Southern dialects. Zhi Qian, who lived at Nanjing for a long time and translated many Buddhist scriptures there, the use of Nanjing words and expressions might be become his major traslation language, and it has a great difference from the dialect of Luoyang and Chang'an. Under such an background, In my essay, we trying to identify the traces of Zhi Qian’s scriptures language. We observe the status of verbs that Zhi Qian used, and compare the lexicon Zhi Qian used and identify the similarities and differences of language usage between Zhi Qian and other translators. We analysis the frequency of his lexicon usage, and observe what are the unique words and the commonly used words of Zhi Qian. Then, we trying to find the particularity of his language and demonstrate whether it involve the lexicon usage of Wu area that Zhi Qian lived. We also observeing the origin and evolution of these lexicon. We believe that Buddhist Sutra is a kind of corpus which preserve a large number of spoken expressions of those days. Many ancient Chinese vocabulary already disapeared and lost in modern Chinese, they even cannot be reflected from the non-Buddhist record on those days, but they are preserved until present time in the Buddhist translations. This is the reason why recently scholars pay more attention on the study of the Buddhist translations, especially the different and unique usage of the vocabulary. |