欽差喇嘛楚兒沁藏布蘭木占巴、清代西藏地圖測繪與世界地理知識之傳播

The Imperial Lama Tsultrim Zangpo Rapjampa, the Qing Mapping of Tibet, and Global Circulation of Geographic Knowledge

本文通過藏、滿、漢、法文等多語種史料，考察康熙、雍正年間的欽差喇嘛楚兒沁藏布蘭木占巴之事蹟，指出其曾於蒙養齋學習歐洲數學知識，後以駐京達喇嘛的身分參與《西洋新法曆書》藏文譯本的校勘工作。一七一六至一七一八年他曾作為欽差，經西寧、拉薩乃至岡底斯山進行測繪調查，最終經由昌都、甘孜返抵成都，其測繪成果直接影響了一七一九年《皇輿全覽圖》的增訂，促成十八世紀東西方知識界對喜馬拉雅地區的地理認知。一七二○年代他曾往來於拉薩、西安與打箭爐之間，負責為清朝管理邊疆情報、地方稅務以及族群關係。在對楚兒沁藏布生平事蹟進行實證研究的基礎上，本文揭示清代中國的西藏測繪與資訊網絡，曾直接推動十八世紀喜馬拉雅地理知識的全球化以及歐亞資訊網的整合。

By utilizing multi-lingual sources in Chinese, Tibetan, Manchu, and French, the present study investigates the activities of Lama Tsultrim Zangpo Rapjampa (Wylie. bla ma tshul khrims bzang po rab ’byams pa), who served as the Qing imperial envoy during the Kangxi and Yongzheng periods. This research shows that Tsultrim Zangpo had studied European knowledge of mathematics at Mengyangzhai Academy of Mathematics and joined the proofreading project of the Tibetan translation of Johann Adam Schall von Bell’s Xiyang xinfa lishu (Shixian calendar). Between 1716 and 1718, he conducted a cartographical survey of the Tibetan plateau and traveled through Xining, Lhasa, and Mountain Kailas as an imperial envoy on behalf of the Qing court. Passing through Chamdo and Garzê, he finally arrived in Chengdu, where he completed his map of Tibet and sent it back to the Qing court. His map not only made significant contributions to the update of the Huangyu quanlan tu in 1719, but also promoted the geographical knowledge of the Himalayas in China and Europe. In the 1720s, he traveled between Lhasa, Xi’an, and Darzedo to manage issues of border intelligence, local taxes, and ethnic relationships. Based on the archival research of Tsultrim Zangpo, this article argues that Qing China’s cartography of Tibet and intelligence networks directly facilitated both the globalization of the geographical knowledge of the Himalayas and the integration of Eurasian information networks in the eighteenth century.